REFERENCES

Arriaza, R. and Leyes, M. (2005) Injury profile in competitive karate: prospective analysis of three consecutive World Karate Championships. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 13, 603-607.

Beis, K., Tsaklis, P., Pieter, W. and Abatzides, G. (2001) Taekwondo competition injuries in Greek young and adult athletes. European Journal of Sports Traumatology and Related Research 23, 130-136.

Dah C. and Djessou P. (1989) Casualties and injuries related to judo and karate during a competitive season (1986-1987) in Ivory Coast (in French). Cinésiologie 28, 153-157.

Gummerson, T. (2005) Coaching champions. Developing young sportspeople. A. & C. Black, London.

Kazemi, M. and Pieter, W. (2004) Injuries at a Canadian National Taekwondo Championships: a prospective study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 5:22. Available from URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcmusculoskeletdisord/.

Koh, J. O. and Cassidy, J. D. (2004) Incidence study of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 14, 72-79.

Koh, J. O. and Watkinson, E. J. (2002) Video analysis of blows to the head and face at the 1999 World Taekwondo Championships. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 42, 348-353.

Koh, J. O., de Freitas, T. and Watkinson, E. J. (2001) Injuries at the 14th World Taekwondo Championships in 1999. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences 13, 33-48.

Matsubayashi, K. and Lieu, D. (1993) Evaluation of chest protectors and headgear for competition taekwondo. In: 1993 Advances in Bioengineering. Ed: American Society of Mechanical Engineers. New York: ASME Bioengineering Division (BED). 259-262.

McCrory, P. R. and Berkovic, S. F. (1998) Second impact syndrome. Neurology 50, 677-683.

Oler, M., Tomson, W., Pepe, H., Yoon, D., Branoff, R., and Branch J. (1991) Morbidity and mortality in the martial arts: a warning. Journal of Trauma 31, 251-253.

Pieter, W. (1998) Competition injuries in young karate athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine 32, 88.

Pieter, W. (1996), Martial arts. In: Epidemiology of Sports Injuries. Eds: Caine, D., Caine, C. and Lindner, K. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books. 268-283.

Pieter, F. and Pieter, W. (1995) Speed and force of selected taekwondo techniques. Biology of Sport 12, 257-266.

Pieter, W. and Bercades, L. T. (1997) Time-loss injuries in taekwondo. In: ICHPER.SD 40th World Congress Proceedings, Seoul: Kyunghee University. 355-357.

Pieter, W., Bercades, L. T. and Heijmans, J. (1998) Injuries in young and adult taekwondo athletes. Kinesiology 30, 22-30.

Pieter, W. and Lufting, R. (1994) Injuries at the 1991 Taekwondo World Championships. Journal of Sports Traumatology and Related Research 16, 49-57.

Pieter, W., Van Ryssegem, G., Lufting, R. and Heijmans, J. (1995) Injury situation and injury mechanism at the 1993 European Taekwondo Cup. Journal of Human Movement Studies 28, 1-24.

Pieter, W., Zairatulnas, W., Wong, R. S. K. and Thung, J. S. (2004) Time-loss injuries in young Malaysian taekwondo athletes. 1st Regional Conference on Human Performance, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, November 30-December 2.

Pieter, W. and Zemper, E. D. (1997a) Head and neck injuries in adult taekwondo athletes. Coaching and Sport Science Journal 2, 7-12.

Pieter, W. and Zemper, E. D. (1997b) Injury rates in children participating in taekwondo competition. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 43, 89-95.

Pieter, W. and Zemper, E. D. (1997c) Time-loss injuries in Junior Olympic taekwondo athletes. Sports Exercise and Injury 3, 37-42.

Pieter, W. and Zemper, E. D. (1999) Injuries in adult American taekwondo athletes. Fifth IOC World Congress on Sport Sciences, Sydney, Australia, October 31-November 5. Book of Abstracts:

Pieter, W., Zemper, E. D. and Heijmans, J. (1990) Taekwondo injuries (in Dutch). Geneeskunde en Sport 23, 222-228.

Siana, J. E., Borum, P. and Kryger, H. (1986) Injuries in taekwondo. British Journal of Sports Medicine 20, 165-166.

Tuominen R. (1995) Injuries in national karate competitions in Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 5, 44-48.

Whiting, W. C., Gregor, R. J. and Finerman, G. A. (1988) Kinematic analysis of human upper extremity movements in boxing. American Journal of Sports Medicine 16, 130-136.

Wirtz, P. D., Vito, G. R. and Long, D. H. (1988) Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever's disease) associated with taekwondo injuries. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 78, 474-475.

Zandbergen, A. (no date). Taekwondo: Injuries and Physiotherapy. Thesis, Twentse Akademie voor Fysiotherapie, Enschede, 1-74. (in Dutch).

Zemper, E. D. and Pieter, W. (1991) A two-year prospective study of taekwondo injuries at national competitions. International Congress and Exposition on Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Vancouver, BC, Canada, April 16-20.

Zemper, E. D. and Pieter, W. (1989) Injury rates during the 1988 US Olympic Team Trials for taekwondo. British Journal of Sports Medicine 23, 161-164.