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JOURNAL
OF
SPORTS SCIENCE &
MEDICINE
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Review article
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GIVING YOURSELF A GOOD BEATING: APPRAISAL, ATTRIBUTION, RUMINATION, AND COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING |
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Mark A. Uphill 
and Katie Dray |
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Canterbury Christ Church University, Department of Sport Science, Tourism, & Leisure, North Holmes Road, Canterbury, Kent, UK. |
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© Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2009) 8(CSSI-3), 5 - 12 |
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| ABSTRACT | |||
| How individuals respond to adversity is one component of mental
toughness and athletes may manage the adversity of a defeat in very different
ways. In this article we focus on four types of cognition (appraisal, attribution,
counterfactual thinking, and rumination) that athletes may exhibit in the
immediate aftermath of a competitive defeat. In particular we define each
of these terms and present a "caricature" of each of the respective
literatures, focussing on the prevailing trends and substantive findings.
These caricatures assist in the identification of several areas in which
literature on athletes' retrospective cognition about defeat may be advanced.
We use combat sports as a vehicle to illustrate our propositions.
Key words: Retrospective cognition, adversity, mental toughness, coping. |
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