Before training

After training

Training

Control

Training

Control

VO_2max* (ml·kg^-1·min^-1)

43.4 (8.0)

42.0 (7.2)

46.1 (6.6)^†

43.4 (7.2)

W_max^‡ (W·kg^-1)

3.36 (.65)

3.31 (.54)

3.55 (.67)^§

3.36 (.52)

Daily insulin dosage (units·kg^-1)

0.68 (.19)

0.71 (.18)

0.68 (.20)

0.70 (.20)

Hemoglobin A_1c (%)

8.2 (1.1)

8.3 (1.3)

8.0 (1.0)

8.5 (1.6)

Plasma glucose (mmol·l^-1)

10.5 (6.0)

10.1 (4.3)

12.1 (6.0)

11.9 (5.8)

Body mass index (kg·m^-2)

24.4 (1.9)

24.4 (2.2)

24.3 (1.9)

24.5 (2.3)

Percent body fat

20.5 (4.1)

18.5 (5.0)

20.4 (4.7)

18.2 (5.8)

Serum total cholesterol (mmol·l^-1)

4.89 (.97)

4.71 (1.08)

4.66 (.94)^§

4.79 (1.18)

    LDL cholesterol  (mmol·l^-1)

3.15 (.81)

2.99 (.74)

2.88 (.75)^†

2.92 (.80)

    HDL cholesterol  (mmol·l^-1)

1.21 (.28)

1.21 (.40)

1.32 (.28)^†

1.31 (.45)^†

HDL/LDL^¶

0.41 (.13)

0.42 (.12)

0.49 (.16)^ll

0.46 (.15) ^ll

Serum triglycerides (mmol·l^-1)

1.18 (.50)

1.12 (.53)

1.02 (.50)

1.25 (.53)

Apolipoprotein B (g·l^-1)

0.82 (.20)

0.78 (.18)

0.75 (.19)^§

0.82 (.20)

Apolipoprotein A-I (g·l^-1l)

1.42 (.27)

1.44 (.34)

1.50 (.25)^†

1.54 (.38)^†

HDL/Apolipoprotein A-I

0.84 (.08)

0.84 (.10)

0.88 (.07)^†

0.84 (.10)

Apo AI/apo B^#

1.83 (.51)

1.90 (.47)

2.09 (.52)^§

1.96 (.51)