|
Ahmaidi,
S., Varray, A., Collomp,, K., Mercier, J. and Prefaut, T. (1992)
Relation between the change in slope of heart rate and second lactic
and ventilatory thresholds in muscular exercise with large loads. Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe
de Biologie et de ses Filiales 186: 145-55. (In French: English abstract).
Aunola,
S. and Rusko, H. (1992) Does anaerobic threshold correlate with maximal
lactate steady state? Journal of Sports Science 10: 309-323.
Ballarin,
E., Sudhues, U., Borsetto, C. Casoni, J., Grazzi, G., Guglielmi, C., Manfredinin,
F., Mazzoni, G., and Conconi, F. (1996) Reproducibility of the Conconi Test:
Test repeatability and observer variations. International Journal of
Sports Medicine 17: 520-524.
Bodner,
M. and Rhodes, E. (2000) A review of the concept of the heart rate deflection
point. Sports Medicine 30: 31-46.
Bourgois, J. and Vrijens, J. (1998) The Conconi test:a
controversial concept for the determination of the anaerobic threshold in
young rowers. International Journal of Sports Medicine 19:
553-559.
Carey,
D. (2002) Assessment of the accuracy of the Conconi test in determining
gas analysis anaerobic threshold. Journal of Strength and Conditioning
Research, in press.
Cellini, M., Vitiello, P., Nagliati, A., Ziglio, P.,
Martinelli, S., Ballarin, E., and Conconi, F. (1986) Noninvasive determination
of the anaerobic threshold in swimming. International Journal of Sports
Medicine 7: 347-351.
Conconi,
F., Ferrari, M., Ziglio, P., Droghetti, P. and Codeca, L. (1982) Determination
of the anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners. Journal
of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
52: 869-873.
Conconi,
F., Grazzi, G., Casoni, J., Guglielmini, C., Borsetto, C., Ballerin, E.,
Mazzoni, G., Patrcchini, M. and Manfredini, F. (1996) The Conconi test:
methodology after 12 years of application. International Journal of Sports
Medicine 17: 509-519.
Conconi,
F., Grazzi, G., Casoni, I., Borsetto, C., Mazzoni, G., Alfieri, N. and Manfredini,
F. (1997) Reply. International Journal of Sports Medicine 18:
394-396.
Davis,
H., Bassett, J., Hughes, P. and Gass, G. (1983) Anaerobic threshold and
lactate turnpoint. European Journal of Applied Physiology 50:
383-392.
deWit, M., der Weduwe, C., Wolffragen, J. and Hollander,
A. (1997) Validity of peak oxygen uptake calculations from heart rate deflection
points. International Journal of Sports Medicine 18: 201-207.
Droghetti,
P., Borsetto, C., Casoni, I., Cellini, M., Ferrari, M., Paolini, A., Ziglio,
P. and Conconi, F. (1985) Noninvasive determination of the anaerobic threshold
in canoeing, cross-country skiing, cycling, roller, and ice skating, rowing
and walking. European Journal of Applied Physiology 53: 299-303.
Dwyer,
J. and Bybee, R. (1983) Heart rate indices of the anaerobic threshold. Medicine
and Science in Sports and Exercise 15: 72-76.
Francis,
K., McClatchey, P., Sumsion, J. and Hansen, D. (1989) The relationship between
anaerobic threshold and heart rate linearity during cycle ergometry.
European Journal of Applied Physiology 59: 273-277.
Gaisl,
G. and Wiesspeiner, G. (1988) A noninvasive method of determining the anaerobic
threshold in children. International Journal of Sports Medicine 9:
41-44.
Grazzi,G.,
Alfieri, N., Borsetto, C., Casoni, I., Manfredinin, F., Mazzoni, G., and
Conconi, F. (1999) The power output/heart rate relationship in cycling:test
standardization and repeatability. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise 31: 1478-1483.
Hagberg,
J. and Coyle, E. (1983) Physiological determinants of endurance performance
as studied in competitive racewalkers. Medicine and Science in Sports
and Exercise 15: 287-289.
Heck,H.,
Tiberi, M., Beckers, K., Lammerschmidt, W., Pruin, E. and Hollmann, W. (1988)
Lactic acid concentration during bicycle ergometer exercise with preselected
percentages of the Conconi threshold (abstract). International Journal
of Sports Medicine 9: 367.
Hofmann,
P., Bunc, V., Leitner, H., Pokan, R. and Gaisl, G. (1994) Heart rate threshold
related to lactate turn point and steady-state exercise on a cycle ergometer.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
69: 132-139.
Hofmann,P., Pokan, R., Von Duvillard, S., Seibert,
F., Zweiker, R., and Schmid, P. (1997a) Heart rate performance curve during
incremental cycle ergometer exercise in healthy young male subjects. Medicine
and Science in Sports and Exercise 29: 762-768.
Hofmann,
P., Pokan, R., Von Duvillard, S. and Schmid, P. (1997b) The Conconi test:
letter to the editor. International Journal of Sports Medicine 18:
397-399.
Hofmann,
P., Von Duvillard, S., Seibert, F., Pokan, R., Wonisch, M., Lemura, L.,
and Schwaberger, G. (2001) %Hrmax target heart rate is dependent on heart
rate performance curve deflection. Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise 33: 1726-1731.
Jeukendrup,
A., Hesselink, M., Kuipers, H. and Keizer, H. (1997) The Conconi test: letter
to the editor. International Journal of Sports Medicine 18:
393-394.
Jones,
A. and Doust, J. (1995) Lack of reliability in Conconi’s heart rate deflection
point. International Journal of Sports Medicine 16: 541-544.
Jones,
A. and Doust, J. (1997) The Conconi test is not valid for estimation of
the lactate turnpoint in runners. Journal of Applied Physiology 15:
385-394.
Kara,
M., Gokbel, H., Bediz, C., Ergene,
N., Ucok, K., and Uysal, H. (1996) Determination of the heart rate deflection
point by the Dmax method. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
36: 31-34.
Kuipers,
H., Keizer, H., de Vries, T., van Rijthoven, P. and Wijts, M. (1988) Comparison
of heart rate as a non-invasive determinant of anaerobic threshold with
the lactate threshold when cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiology
58: 303-306.
Lucia,
A., Hoyos, J., Santalla, A., Perez, M., Carvajal, A. and Chicharro, J. (2002)
Lactic acidosis, potassium, and the heart rate deflection point in professional
road cyclists. British Journal of Sports Medicine 36: 113-117.
Lucia,
A., Carvajal, A., Perez, M., and Boraita, A. (2000) Heart rate response
during incremental exercise in master runners. Japanese Journal of Physiology
50: 155-158.
Lucia,
A., Caravajal, A., Boraita, A., Serratosa, L., Hoyos, J. and Chicharro,
J. (1999) Heart dimensions may influence the occurrence of the heart rate
deflection point in highly trained cyclists. British Journal of Sports
Medicine 33: 387-392.
Petit, M., Nelson, C. and Rhodes, E. (1997) Comparison
of a mathematical model to predict 10-km performance from the Conconi test
and ventilatory threshold measurements. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology
22: 562-572.
Pokan, R.Hofmann, P., Von Duvillard,
S., Beaufort, F., Smekal, G., Gasser, R., Klein, W., Eber, B., Bachl, N.
and Schmid, P. (1998) The heart rate performance
curve and left ventricular function during exercise in patients after myocardial
infarction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30:
1475-1480.
Pokan, R., Hofmann,
P., Von Duvillard, S., Smekal, G., Hogler, R., Tschan, H., Baron, R., Schmid,
P. and Bachl, N. (1999) The heart rate turn point reliability and methodological
aspects. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31: 903-907.
Pokan, R., Hofmann, P., Lehmann, M.,
Leitner, H., Eber, B., Gasser, R., SchwabergerG., Schmid, P., Keul, J. and
Klein, W. (1995) Heart rate deflection
related to lactate performance curve and plasma catecholamine response during
incremental cycle ergometer exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology
and Occupational Physiology 70: 175-179.
Ribiero,
J., Fielding, R., Hughes, V., Black, A., Bochese, M., and Knuttgen, H. (1985)
Heart rate break point may coincide with the anaerobic and not the aerobic
threshold. International Journal of Sports Medicine 6: 220-224.
Rusko,
H., Luhtanen, P., Rahkila, P., Viitasalo, J., Rehunen, S. and Harkonen,
M. (1986) Muscle metabolism, blood lactate and oxygen uptake in steady state
exercise at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds. European Journal of Applied
Physiology 55: 181-186.
Sjodin,
B. and Jacobs, I. (1981) Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon
running performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2:
23-26.
Skinner,
J. and McLellan, T.(1980). The transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 51: 234-248.
Tanaka,
K., Watanabe, H., Konishi, Y., Mitsuzono, R., Tanaka, S., Fukuda, T. and
Nakadomo, F. (1986) Longitudinal association between anaerobic threshold
and distance running performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology
55: 248-252.
Tokmakidis,
S. and Leger, L. (1992) Comparison of mathematically determined blood lactate
and heart rate ”threshold” points and relationship to performance. European
Journal of Applied Physiology 64: 309-317.
Vachon,
J., Bassett, D and Clark, S. (1999) Validity of the heart rate deflection
as a predictor of lactate threshold during running. Journal of Applied
Physiology 87: 452-459.
Wasserman,
K., Whipp, B., Koyal, S. and Beaver, W.(1973). Anaerobic threshold and respiratory
gas exchange during exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 35:
236-243.
Wasserman,
K., Hansen, J., Sue, D. and Whipp, B. (1987) Principles of exercise testing
and interpretation. 1st edition, Lea Febiger, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
Weltman,
A. (1995) The blood lactate response to exercise. 1st
edition, Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois.
Wilmore,
J. and Costill, D. (1994) Physiology of Sport and Exercise. 1st
edition, Human Kinetics, Champaign, Ilinois.
Zacharogiannis,
E. and Farrally, M. (1993) Ventilatory threshold, heart rate deflection
point and middle distance running performance. Journal of Sports Medicine
and Physical Fitness 33: 337-347. |