Table 1.  Ball velocity, maximal velocity of the center of mass in goal-directed movement and throwing accuracy variables for all throwing techniques. P-value for determination of statistical differences for four variables, adjusted using the Bonferroni correction  P< 0.01. Data are means (± SD).
 

standing throw without run-up

standing throw with run-up

jump throw

pivot throw

P-value

Effect size

Velocity (m·s-1)

            

Ball velocity

22.3 (1.2)

23.9 (1.2)

21.9 (1.6)

20.4 (1.2)

< .001a,c,d,e,f

.97

Maximal velocity center of mass in goal-directed movement

1.5 (.3)

3.0 (.3)

2.6 (.4)

1.6 (.3)

< .001a,b,d,e,f

.95

Throwing precision

            

Missed throws (%)

16 (12)

20 (7)

19 (10)

15 (11)

.44

.21

Mean radial error (m)

.30 (.11)

.30 (.10)

.32 (.07)

.38 (.08)

.21

.51
a: significant difference (p < 0.05) between standing throw with and without run-up; b: significant difference (p < 0.05) between standing throw and jump throw; c: significant difference (p < 0.05) between standing throw and pivot throw; d: significant difference (p < 0.05) between standing throw with run-up and jump throw; e: significant difference (p < 0.05) between standing throw with run-up and pivot throw; f: significant difference (p < 0.05) between jump throw and pivot throw.