| |
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Foot
|
regions
|
|
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|
|
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|
Group
|
Measure
|
Medial
heel
|
Lateral
heel
|
Medial midfoot
|
Lateral midfoot
|
Medial forefoot
|
Central forefoot
|
Lateral forefoot
|
Hallux
|
Lesser
toes
|
|
Maximum
force (N)
|
|
Control
|
Pre
|
157 (134)
|
129 (107)
|
155 (118)
|
251 (106)
|
235 (80)
|
239 (82)
|
242 (85)
|
240 (79)
|
302 (96)
|
| |
Post
|
114 (77)
|
112 (96)
|
146 (69)
|
263 (92)
|
282 (103)
|
296 (98)
|
241 (91)
|
255 (101)
|
297 (83)
|
|
FAST
|
Pre
|
98 (86)
|
115 (92)
|
122 (48)
|
263 (42)
|
252 (101)
|
219 (40)
|
221 (58)
|
259 (56)
|
273 (54)
|
| |
Post
|
135 (77)
|
147 (71)
|
135 (44)
|
272 (69)
|
233 (96)
|
214 (48)
|
216 (71)
|
247 (61)
|
276 (48)
*†
|
|
Peak
pressure (kPa)
|
|
Control
|
Pre
|
98 (53)
|
112 (61)
|
117 (46)
|
215 (91)
|
290 (119)
|
276 (111)
|
274 (87)
|
368 (100)
|
325 (100)
|
| |
Post
|
86 (45)
|
93 (55)
|
157 (53)
|
225 (83)
|
314 (92)
|
295 (74)
|
258 (73)
|
377 (150)
|
294 (74)
|
|
FAST
|
Pre
|
90 (60)
|
96 (56)
|
119 (31)
|
202 (50)
|
290 (112)
|
224 (46)
|
228 (56)
|
379 (99)
|
254 (51)
|
| |
Post
|
107 (49)
|
120 (42)
|
127 (36)
|
205 (79)
|
278 (98)
|
220 (52)
|
217 (75)
|
336 (101)
|
240 (55)
‡
|
|
Mean
pressure (kPa) |
|
Control
|
Pre
|
68 (37)
|
79 (44)
|
64 (24)
|
108 (42)
|
191 (63)
|
167 (47)
|
173 (52)
|
220 (62)
|
164 (40)
|
| |
Post
|
57 (29)
|
65 (40)
|
66 (18)
|
110 (32)
|
219 (68)
|
203 (60)
|
170 (56)
|
237 (87)
|
157 (33)
|
|
FAST
|
Pre
|
60 (36)
|
67 (44)
|
55 (10)
|
100 (16)
|
200 (69)
|
151 (23)
|
154 (37)
|
238 (53)
|
142 (28)
|
| |
Post
|
70 (30)
|
83 (29)
|
58 (13)
|
102 (20)
|
186 (64)
|
146 (30)
|
148 (42)
|
225 (60)
|
145 (29)
‡†
|
|
Mean
force (N)
|
|
Control
|
Pre
|
38 (33)
|
31 (22)
|
50 (37)
|
113 (51)
|
144 (50)
|
146 (53)
|
142 (56)
|
139 (49)
|
195 (65)
|
| |
Post
|
29 (16)
|
26 (20)
|
53 (34)
|
113 (48)
|
162 (64)
|
177 (63)
|
147 (65)
|
150 (70)
|
195 (60)
|
|
FAST
|
Pre
|
25 (20)
|
26 (18)
|
42 (17)
|
112 (16)
|
157 (68)
|
142 (29)
|
133 (27)
|
152 (44)
|
182 (46)
‡
|
| |
Post
|
33 (20)
|
34 (14)
|
46 (17)
|
113 (22)
|
143 (63)
|
136 (34)
|
127 (37)
|
145 (48)
|
177 (39)
|
|
Mean
area (cm2)
|
|
Control
|
Pre
|
6 (4)
|
5 (3)
|
9 (5)
|
15 (4)
|
11 (2)
|
12 (2)
|
12 (3)
|
9 (1)
|
16 (2)
|
| |
Post
|
6 (3)
|
5 (3)
|
10 (5)
|
14 (4)
|
11 (2)
|
13 (2)
|
12 (3)
|
9 (1)
|
17 (2)
|
|
FAST
|
Pre
|
5 (2)
|
5 (1)
|
10 (3)
|
16 (2)
|
12 (2)
|
13 (1)
|
13 (1)
|
10 (1)
|
17 (2)
|
| |
Post
|
6 (2)
|
6 (2)
|
10 (2)
|
15 (1)
|
11 (1)
|
13 (1)
|
12 (2)
|
10 (1)
|
17 (2) ‡
|
|
Relative
load (%)
|
|
Control
|
Pre
|
4 (2)
|
3 (3)
|
5 (3)
|
11 (4)
|
15 (3)
|
14 (2)
|
14 (2)
|
14 (3)
|
20 (5)
|
| |
Post
|
3 (2)
|
3 (2)
|
5 (3)
|
11 (4)
|
16 (4)
|
17 (2)
|
13 (4)
|
14 (4)
|
19 (4)
|
|
FAST
|
Pre
|
3 (3)
|
3 (2)
|
4 (1)
|
12 (3)
|
16 (4)
|
15 (2)
|
14 (3)
|
16 (2)
|
19 (3)
|
| |
Post
|
4 (3)
|
4 (2)
|
5 (2)
|
12 (3)
|
15 (4)
|
14 (2)
|
13 (3)
|
15 (3)
|
18 (2) †
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*,
† and ‡ p < 0.05 for region 5, 6 and 2 respectively.
Abbreviations: FAST, Foot/Ankle strength
training; Pre, one week before
FAST protocol; Post, immediately after FAST protocol
|