Astrand, P.O., Hultman, E., Juhlin-Dannfelt, A. and Reynolds, G. (1986) Disposal of lactate during and after strenuous exercise in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 61, 338-343.

Balsom, P.D., Gaitanos, G.C., Soderlund, K., and Ekblom, B. (1999) High-intensity exercise and muscle glycogen availability in humans. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 165,337-345.

Bandyopadhyay, G., Sajan, M.P., Kanoh, Y., Standaert, M.L., Quon, M.J., Reed, B.C., Dikic, I. and Farese, R.V. (2001) Glucose activates protein kinase C-z/l through proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and phospholipase D: a novel mechanism for activating glucose transporter translocation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 35537-35545.

Bangsbo, J., Gollnick, P.D., Graham, T.E. and Saltin, B. (1991) Substrates for muscle glycogen synthesis in recovery from intense exercise in man. Journal of Physiology (London) 434, 423-440.

Bangsbo, J., Graham, T., Johansen, L. and Saltin, B. (1994) Muscle lactate metabolism in recovery from intense exhaustive exercise: impact of light exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 77, 1890-1895.

Bangsbo, J., Madsen, K., Kiens, B. and Richter, E.A. (1997) Muscle glycogen synthesis in recovery from intense exercise in humans. American Journal of Physiology 273, E416-E424.

Bloch, G., Chase, J.R., Meyer, D.B., Avison, M.J., Shulman, G.I. and Shulman, R.G. (1994) In vivo regulation of rat muscle glycogen resynthesis after intense exercise. American Journal of Physiology 266, E85-E91.

Bonen, A., Ness, G.W., Belcastro, A.N. and Kirby, R.L. (1985) Mild exercise impedes glycogen repletion in muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 58, 1622-1629, 1985.

Bräu, L., Ferreira, L.D.M.C-B., Nikolovski, S., Raja, G., Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (1997) Regulation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase during recovery from high intensity exercise in the rat. Biochemical Journal 322, 303-308.

Bräu, L., Nikolovski, S., Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (1999) Glycogen repletion following burst activity: A carbohydrate-sparing mechanism in animals adapted to arid environments? Journal of Experimental Zoology 284, 271-275.

Brooks, G.A., Brauner, K.E. and Cassens, R.G. (1973) Glycogen synthesis and metabolism of lactic acid after exercise. American Journal of Physiology 224, 1162-1166.

Brooks, G.A. and Gaesser, G.A. (1980) End points of lactate and glucose metabolism after exhausting exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 49, 1057-1069.

Burke, L.M., Kiens B. and Ivy J.L. (2004) Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery. Journal of Sports Sciences 22, 15-30.

Chase, J.R., Rothman, D.L. and Shulman, R.G. (2001) Flux control in the rat gastrocnemius glycogen synthesis pathway by in vivo ¹³C/³¹P NMR spectroscopy. American Journal of Physiology 280, E598-E607.

Chasiotis, D. (1983) The regulation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen breakdown in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 518, S1-S68.

Chiasson, J.L., Shikama, H., Chu, D.T.W. and Exton, J.H. (1981) Inhibitory effect of epinephrine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Clinical Investigation 68, 706-713.

Choi, D., Cole, K.J., Goodpaster, B.H., Fink, W.J. and Costill, D.L. (1994) Effect of passive and active recovery on the resynthesis of muscle glycogen. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26, 992-996, 1994.

Costill, D.L., Pearson, D.R. and Fink, W.J. (1988) Impaired muscle glycogen storage after muscle biopsy. Journal of Applied Physiology 64, C245-C248.

Costill, D.L. (1988) Carbohydrates for exercise: dietary demands for optimal performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine 9, 1-18.

Dobson, G.P., Hitchins, S. and Teague, W.E. (2002) Thermodynamics of the pyruvate kinase reaction and the reversal of glycolysis in heart and skeletal muscle. Journal of Biological Chemistry 27, 22176-22182.

Donovan, C.M. and Pagliassotti, M.J. (2000) Quantitative assessment of pathways for lactate disposal in skeletal muscle fiber types. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32, 772-777.

Fairchild, T.J., Armstrong, A., Rao, A., Liu, H., Lawrence, S. and Fournier, P.A. (2003) Glycogen synthesis in muscle fibers during active recovery from intense exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 35, 595-602.

Favier, R.J., Kouth, H.E., Mavet, M.H., Semore, B., Simi, R. and Flandrois, R. (1987) Effects of gluconeogenic precursors flux alteration on glycogen resynthesis after prolonged exercise.  Journal of Applied Physiology 63, 1733-1738.

Fell, R.D., McLane, J.A., Winder, W.W. and Holloszy, J.O. (1980) Preferential resynthesis of muscle glycogen in fasting rats after exhausting exercise. American Journal of Physiology 238, R328-R332.

Ferreira, L.D.M.C-B. Bräu, L., Nikolovski, S., Raja, G., Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (2001). Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on glycogen resynthesis in fasted rats post-high-intensity exercise. American Journal of Physiology 280, E83-E91.

Fournier, P.A., Bräu. L., Ferreira, L.D.M.C.B., Fairchild, T., Raja, G., James, A. and Palmer, T.N. (2002) Glycogen resynthesis in the absence of food ingestion during recovery from moderate or high intensity physical activity: novel insights from rat and human studies. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 133, 755-763.

Gaesser, G.A. and Brooks, G.A. (1980) Glycogen repletion following continuous and intermittent exercise to exhaustion. Journal of Applied Physiology 49, 722-728.

Gaesser, G.A. and Brooks, G.A. (1984) Metabolic bases of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption: a review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 16, 29-43.

Gleeson, T.T. (1996) Post-exercise lactate metabolism: a comparative review of sites, pathways, and regulation. Annual Review of Physiology 58, 565-581.

Gollnick, P.D., Piehl, K. and Saltin, B. (1974) Selective glycogen depletion pattern in human muscle fibers after exercise of varying intensity and at varying pedalling rates. Journal of Physiology 241, 45-57.

Hargreaves, M. (1995) Skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise. In: Exercise metabolism. Ed: M. Hargreaves. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. 41-72.

Hatta, H., Atomi, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Shinohara, S. and Yamada, S. (1988) Oxidation of lactate in rats after short-term strenuous exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine 9, 429-432.

Hermansen, L. and Vaage, O. (1977) Lactate disappearance and glycogen synthesis in human skeletal muscle after maximal exercise. American Journal of Physiology 233, E422-E429.

Hultman, E. and Bergström, J. (1967) Muscle glycogen synthesis in relation to diet studied in normal subjects. Acta Medica Scandinavica 182, 109-117.

Ivy, J.L. (1991) Muscle glycogen synthesis before and after exercise. Sports Medicine 11, 6-19.

James, A.P., Flynn, C.B., Jones, S.L., Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (1998) Re-feeding after starvation involves a temporal shift in the control site of glycogen synthesis in rat muscle. Biochemical Journal 329, 341-347.

Kawanaka, K., Tabata, I., Tanaka, A. and Higuchi, M. (1998) Effects of high-intensity intermittent swimming on glucose transport in rat epitrochlearis muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 84, 1852-1857.

Kida, Y., Katz, A., Lee, A.D. and Mott, D.M. (1989) Contraction-mediated inactivation of glycogen synthase is accompanied by inactivation of glycogen synthase phosphatase in human skeletal muscle. Biochemical Journal 259, 901-904.

Kristiansen, S., Wojtaszewski, J.F., Juel, C. and Richter, E.A. (1994) Effects of glucose 6-phosphate and pH on glucose transport in skeletal muscle plasma membrane giant vesicles. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 150, 227-233.

Kruszynska, Y.T., Home, P.D. and Alberti, K.G.M.M. (1986). In vivo regulation of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity by glucose and insulin. Diabetes 35, 662-667.

Lee, A.D., Hansen, P.A., Schulter, J., Gulve, E.A., Gao, J. and Holloszy, J.O. (1997) Effects of epinephrine on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 dephosphorylation in muscle. American Journal of Physiology 273,C1082-C1087.

Maehlum, S., Felig, P. and Wahren, J. (1978) Splanchnic glucose and muscle glycogen metabolism after glucose feeding during post-exercise recovery. American Journal of Physiology 235, E255-E260.

Markuns, J.F., Wojtaszewski, J.F. and Goodyear, L.J. (1999) Insulin and exercise decrease glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity by different mechanisms in rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 24896-24900.

McDermott, J.C. and Bonen, A. (1992) Glyconeogenic and oxidative lactate utilisation in skeletal muscle. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, 142-149.

Milligan, C.L. (1996) Metabolic recovery from exhaustive exercise in rainbow trout.  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B.  113, 51-60.

Nikolovski, S., Faulkner, D.L., Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (1996) Muscle glycogen repletion from endogenous carbon sources during recovery from high intensity exercise in the fasted rat. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 157, 427-434.

Nordheim, K. and Vøllestad, N.K. (1990) Glycogen and lactate metabolism during low-intensity exercise in man. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 139, 475-484.

Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (1997) Replenishment of muscle glycogen after high-intensity exercise: a role for intramuscular lactate glyconeogenesis? Biochemical Society Transactions 25, 25-30.

Pascoe, D.D. and Gladden, L.B. (1996) Muscle glycogen resynthesis after short term, high intensity exercise and resistance exercise. Sports Medicine 21, 98-118.

Peters, T.J., Nikolovski, S., Raja, G.K., Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (1996) Ethanol acutely impairs glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle following high intensity short duration exercise in the rat. Addiction Biology 1, 289-295.

Peters-Futre, E.M.P., Noakes, T.D., Raine, R.I. and Terblanche, S.E. (1987) Muscle glycogen repletion during active postexercise recovery. American Journal of Physiology 253,  E305-E311.

Raja, G., Bräu, L., Palmer, T.N. and Fournier, P.A. (2003) Repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise and muscle glycogen sparing in the rat. Journal of Experimental Biology 206,  2159-2166.

Richter, E.A., Ruderman, N.B., Gavras, H., Belur, E.R. and Galbo, H. (1982) Muscle glycogenonlysis during exercise: dual control by epinephrine and contractions. American Journal of Physiology 242, E25-E32.

Richter, E.A. (1996) Glucose utilization. In: Handbook of Physiology. Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems. Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society.

Robergs, R.A. (1991) Nutrition and exercise determinants of postexercise glycogen synthesis. International Journal of Sports Nutrition 1, 307-337.

Vøllestad, N.K. and Blom, P.C S. (1985) Effect of varying exercise intensity on glycogen depletion in human muscle fibers. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 125, 395-405.