American College of Sports Medicine. (1998) Position stand: The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 30, 975-991.

Armstrong, N., Welsman, J. and Winsley, R. (1996) Is peak VO2 a maximal index of children's aerobic fitness. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 17, 356-359.

Armstrong, N. and Welsman, J.R. (1997) Young people & physical activity. Oxford: Oxford University Press Medical Publications. 26-29.

Bar-Or, O. (1993) Physical activity and physical training in childhood obesity. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 33, 323-329.

Baumgartner, T.A. and Jackson, A.S. (1991) Measurement for evaluation in physical education and exercise science. 4th edition. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown. 128-140.

Blair, S.N., Clark, D.G., Cureton, K.J. and Powell, K.E. (1989) Exercise and fitness in childhood: Implications for a lifetime of health. In: Perspectives in exercise science and sports. Eds: Gisolfi, C.V. and Lamb, D.R. Indianapolis: Benchmark Press. 401-422.

Boileau, R.A., Bonen, A., Heyward, V.H. and Massey, B.H. (1977) Maximal aerobic capacity on the treadmill and bicycle ergometer of boys 11-14 years of age. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 117, 153-162.

Cooper, K.H. (1968) Aerobics. New York: Bantam Books.

Cureton, K.J. and Warren G.L. (1990) Criterion-referenced standards for youth health-related fitness tests: a tutorial. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 661, 7-19.

Davies, C.T.M., Godfrey, S., Light, M., Sargeant, A.J. and Zeidifard, E. (1975) Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in obese and young women. Journal of Applied Physiology 338, 373-376.

Duncan, G.E., Mahon, A.D., Gay, J.A. and Sherwood, J.J. (1996) Physiological and perceptual responses to graded treadmill and cycle exercise in male children. Pediatric Exercise Science 8, 251-258.

Hamill, P.V.V., Drizd, T.A., Johnson, C.L., Reed, R.B. Roche, A.F. and Moore, W.M. (1979) Physical growth: National Center for Health Statistics Percentiles. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 607-629.

Huttunen, N.P., Knip, M and Paavilainen, T. (1986) Physical activity and fitness in obese children. International Journal of Obesity 10, 519-535.

Kwee, A. and Wilmore, J. H. (1991) Cardiorespiratory fitness and risk factors for coronary artery disease in 8- to 15-year-old boys. Pediatric Exercise Science 3, 372-378.

Loftin, M., Sothern, M., Trosclair, L., O'Hanlon, A., Miller, J. and Udall, J. (2001) Scaling VO2peak in obese and non-obese girls. Obesity Research 99, 290-295.

Loftin, M., Sothern, M., VanVrancken, C., O'Hanlon, A. and Udall, J. (2003) Effect of obesity status on heart rate peak in female youth. Clinical Pediatrics 42, 505-510.

Maffeis, C., Schena, F., Zaffanello, M. Zoccante, L., Schultz, Y. and Pinelli, L. (1994) Maximal aerobic power during running and cycling in obese and non-obese children. Acta Paediatrica 883, 113-116.

McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I. and Katch, V.L. (1996). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, andHuman Performance. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. pp 188-213.

McGinnis, J.M. (1992) The public health burden of a sedentary lifestyle. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 24, S196-S200.

Miles D.S., Critz, J.B. and Knowlton, R.G. (1980) Cardiovascular, metabolic, and ventilatory responses of women to equivalent cycle ergometer and treadmill exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 12, 14-19.

Pivarnik, J.M., Dweyer, M.C. and Lauderdale, M.A. (1996) The reliability of aerobic capacity (VO2max) testing in adolescent girls. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 67, 345-348.

Rivera-Brown, A.M., Rivera, M.A., and Frontera, W.R. (1992) Applicability of criteria for VO2 max in active adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science 4, 331-339.

Rivera-Brown, A.M., Rivera, M.A. and Frontera, W.R. (1995) Reliability of VO2 max in adolescent runners: a comparison between plateau achievers and nonachievers. Pediatric Exercise Science 77, 203-210.

Rivera-Brown, A.M. and Frontera, W.R. (1998). Achievement of plateau and reliability of VO2 max in trained adolescents tests with different ergometers. Pediatric Exercise Science 110, 164-175.

Rowland, T.W. (1991) Effects of obesity on aerobic fitness in adolescent females. American Journal of Disabled Children 145, 764-768.

Rowland, T.W. (1993) Does VO2 reflect VO2max in children? Evidence from supramaximal testing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 225, 689-693.

Shephard, R.J. (1984) Tests of maximum oxygen intake: a critical review. Sports Medicine 11, 99-124.

Slaughter, M.G., Lohman, R.A., Boileau, C.A., Horswill, R.J., Stillman, M.D., VanLoan, M.D. and Bemben, D.A. (1988) Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Human Biology 660, 709- 723.

Suskind, R., Sothern, M., Farris, R., von Almen, T., Schumacher, H., Carlisle, L., Vargas, A., Escobar, 0., Loftin, M., Fuchs, G., Brown, R. and Udall, I. (1993) Recent advances in the treatment of childhood obesity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity 6699, 181-199.

Troiano, R.P., Flegal, K.M., Kuczmarski, R.J., Campbell, S.M. and Johnson, C.L. (1995) Overweight prevalence and trends for children and adolescents. Archives Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine 1149, 1085-1091.

Turley, K., Rogers, D.M., Harper, K.M., Kujawa, K.I. and Wilmore, J.H. (1995) Maximal treadmill versus cycle ergometry testing in children: differences, reliability, and variability of responses. Pediatric Exercise Science 77, 49-60.

U.S. Center for Disease Control, Nutrition and Physical Activity (2004) Defining overweight and obesity. Available from URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/defining.htm # adolescents

Zanconato, S., Baraldi, E., Santuz, P., Rigon, F., Vido, L., Dalt, L.D. and Zacchello, F. (1989) Gas exchange during exercise in obese children. European Journal of Pediatrics 1148, 614-617.