Abe, T., Sakamoto, T., Asami, T., Higashi, T. and Hirota, K. (1986) The effect of vigorous exercise training on cholesterol metabolism in rat. The Journal of The Physiological Society of Japan 48, 775-782. (In Japanese: English abstract).

Argyropoulos, G., Brown, A.M., Willi, S.M., Zhu, J., He, Y., Reitman, M., Gevao, S.M., Spruill, I. and Garvey, W.T. (1998) Effects of mutations in the human uncoupling protein 3 gene on the respiratory quotient and fat oxidation in severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1102, 1345-1351.

Bahr, R. (1992) Excess postexercise oxygen consumption - magnitude, mechanisms and practical implications. Acta Physiol Scandinavica 144, 1-70.

Bahr, R., Hansson, P. and Sejersted, O.M. (1990) Triglyceride/fatty acid cycling is increased after exercise. Metabolism 39, 993-999.

Barbe, P., Larrouy, D., Boulanger, C., Chevillotte, E., Viguerie, N., Thalamas, C., Trasroy, M.O., Roques, M., Vidal, H. and Langin, D. (2000) Triiodothyronine-mediated up-regulation of UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle without coordinated induction of mitochondrial respiratory chain genes. The FASEB Journal 115, 13-15.

Bashan, N,, Burdett, E., Guma, A., Sargent, R., Tumaiti, L., Liu, Z. and Klip, A. (1993) Mechanism of adaptation of glucose transporters to changes in the oxidative chain of muscle and fat cell. American Journal of Physiology Cell 264, 430-440.

Bergman, B.C., Butterfield, G.E., Wolfel, E.E., Casazza, G.A., Lopaschuk, G.D. and Brooks, G.A. (1999) Evaluation of exercise and training on muscle lipid metabolism. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, E106-E117.

Boss, O., Samec, S., Paoloni-Giacobino, A., Rossier, C., Dulloo, A., Seydoux, J., Muzzin, P. and Giacobino, J.P. (1997) Uncoupling protein-3: a new member of the mitochondrial carrier family with tissue-specific expression. FEBS Letters 408, 39-42.

Brand, M.D., Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M, Requena JR, Roebuck SJ, Buckingham JA, Clapham JA, and Cadenas S. (2002) Oxidative damage and phospholipid fatty acyl composition in skeletal muscle mitochondria from mice underexpressing or overexpressing uncoupling protein 3. Biochemical Journal 368, 597-603.

Cline, G.W., Vidal-Puig, A.J., Dufour, S., Cadman, K.S., Lowell, B.B. and Shulman, G.I. (2001) In vivo effects of uncoupling protein-3 gene disruption on mitochondrial energy metabolism. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 20240-20244.

Cortright, R.N., Zheng, D., Jones, J.P., Fluckey, J.D., DoCarlo, S.E., Grujic, D., Lowell, B.B. and Dohm, L. (1999) Regulation of skeletal muscle UCP2- and UCP-3 gene expression by exercise and denervation. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 276, E217-E221.

Davies, K.J.A., Quintanilha, A.T., Brooks, G.A. and Packer, L. (1982) Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise. Biochemcal and Biophysical Research Communication 107, 1198-1125.

Duan, C and Winder, W.W. (1992) Nerve stimulation decreases malonyle-CoA in skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 72, 901-904.

Echtay, K.S., Roussel, D., St-Pierre, J., Jekabsons, M.B., Cadenas, S., Stuart, J.A., Harper, J.A., Roebuck, S.J., Morrison, A., Pickering, S., Clapham, J.C. and Brand, M.D. (2002) Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Nature (London) 415, 96-99.

Echtay, K.S., Liu, Q., Caskey, T., Winkler, E., Frischmuth, K., Bienengräber, M. and Klingenberg, M. (1999) Regulation of UCP3 by nucleotides is different from regulation of UCP1. FEBS Letters 450, 8-12.

Esposito, L.A., Melov, S., Panov, A., Cottrell, B. and Wallace, D.C. (1999) Mitochondrial disease in mouse results in increased oxidative stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96, 4820-4825.

Gong, D.W., Monemdjow, S., Gavrilova, O., Leon, L.R., Marcus-Samuels, B., Chow, C.J., Evertt, C., Kozak, L.P., Li, C., Deng, C., Harper, M.E. and Reitman, M.L. (2000) Lack of obesity and normal response to fasting and thyroid hormone in mice lacking uncoupling protein-3. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 16251-16257.

Gong DW, He Y, Karas M, and Reitman M. (1997) Uncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, ?3-adrenergic agonist, and leptin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2272, 24129-24132.

Gonzalez-Barroso, M.M., Fleury, C., Arechaga, I., Zaregoza, P., Levi-Meyruies, C., Raimbault, S., Ricquier, D., Bouillaud, F. and Rial, E. (1996) Activation of the uncoupling protein by fatty acid is modulated by mutation in the C-terminal region of the protein. European Journal of Biochemistry 239, 445-450.

Harper, J.A., Stuart, J.A., Jekabsons, M.B., Roussel, D., Brindle, K.M., Dickinson, K., Jones, R.B. and Brad, M.D. (2002) Artifactual uncoupling by uncoupling protein 3 in yeast mitochondria at the concentraions found in mouse and rat skeletal-muscle mitochondria. Biochemical Journal 361, 46-56.

Hildebrandt, A. and Neufer, P.D. (2000) Exercise attenuates the fasting-induced transcriptional activation of metaboli genes in skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinolgy and Metabolism 278, E1078-E1086.

Himms-Hagen, J. and Harper, M.E. (2001) Physiological role of UCP3 may be export of fatty acids from mitochondria when fatty acid oxidation prodomintaes: an hypothesis. Experimental Biology and Medicine 226, 78-84.

Hupperts, C., Ficher, B.M., Kim, Y.B., Kotani, K., Vidal-Puig, A., Slieker, L.J., Sloop, K.W., Lowell, B.B., and Kahn, B.B. (2001) Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) stimulate glucose uptake in muscle cell through a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 12520-12529.

Hutber, C.A., Hardie, D.G. and Winder, W.W. (1997) Electrical stimulation inactivates muscle acetyl-CoA carbosylase and increases AMP-activated protein kinase. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 272, E262-E266.

Hwang, C.S. and Lane, M.D. (1999) Up-regulation of uncoupling protein-3 by fatty acid in C2C12 myotubes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 258, 464-469.

Jab?rek, M., Va?echa, M., Gimeno, R.E., Dembski, M., Je?ek, P., Zhang, M., Burn, P., Tartaglia, L.A. and Garlid, K.D. (1999) Transport function and regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 and 3. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 26003-26007.

Jackson, M.J., Edwards, R.H.T. and Sumons, M.C.R. (1985) Electro spin resonance studies of intact mammalian skeletal muscle. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 847, 185-190.

Jones, T.E., Baar, K., Ojuka, E., Chen, M. and Holloszy, J.O. (2003) Exercise induces an increase in muscle UCP3 as a component of the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, E96-E101.

Khalfallah, Y., Fages, S., Laville, M. Langin, D. and Cidal, H. (2000) Regulation of uncoupling protein-2 and uncoupling protein-3 mRNA expression during lipid infusion in human skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Diabetes 49, 25-31.

Kiens, B. and Richter, E,A. (1998) Utilization of skeletal muscle triacylglycerol during postexercise recovery in humans. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 275, E332-E337.

Klein, S., Coyle, E.F. and Wolfe, R. (1995) Effect of exercise on lipolytic sensitivity in Endurance-trained athelets. Journal of Applied Physiology 78, 2201-2206.

Lanni, A., Beneduce, L., Lombardi, A., Moreno, M., Boss, O., Muzzin, P., Giacobino, J.P. and Golgia, F. (1999) Expression of uncoupling protein-3 and mitochondrial activity in the transition from hypothyroid to hyperthyroid state in rat skeletal muscle. FEBS Letters 444, 250-254.

Millet, L., Vidal, H., Andreelli, F., Larrouy, D., Riou, J.P., RIcquier, D., Laville, M. and Langin, D. (1997) Increased uncoupling protein-2 and -3 mRNA expression during fasting in obese and lean humans. The Journal of Clinical Investigation 100, 2665-2670.

O'Neil, C.A., Stebbins, C.l., Bonigust, S., Halliwell, B., and Longhurst, J.C. (1996) Production of hydroxyl radicals in contracting skeletal muscle of cats. Journal Applied of Physiology 83, 1108-1206.

Pilegaard, H., Saltin, B. and Neufer, P.D. (2003) Effect of short-term fasting and refeeding on transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes in human skeletal muscle. Diabetes 552, 657-662.

Pilegaard, H., Ordway, G.A., Saltin, B. and Neufer, P.D. (2000) Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 279, E806-E814.

Reid, M.B., Haack, K.E., Franchek, K.M., Valverg, P.A., Kobzik, L. and West, M.S. (1992) Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle I. Intracellular oxidant kinetics and fatigue in vitro. Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 1797-1804.

Samec, S., Seydoux, J. and Dulloo, A.G. (1999) Skeletal muscle UCP3 and UCP2 gene expression in response to inhibition of free fatty acid flux through mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 438, 452-457.

Samec, S., Seydoux, J. and Dulloo, A.G. (1998a) Role of UCP homologues in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue: mediators of thermogenesis of regulators of lipids as fuel substrate? The FASEB Journal 12, 715-724.

Samec, S., Seydoux, J. and Dulloo, A.G. (1998b) Interorgan signaling between adipose tissue metabolism and skeletal muscle uncoupling protein homologues. Diabetes 47, 1693-1698.

Schrauwen, P., Hesselink, M.K.C., Vaartjes, I., Kornips, E., Saris, W.H.M., Giacobino, J.P. and Russell, A. (2002) Effect of acute exercise on uncoupling protein 3 is a fat metabolism mediated effect. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, E11-E17.

Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N., Tsunoda, N., Murayama, K., Takahashi, M., Kim, H., Ikemoto, S. and Ezaki, O. (1998) Up-regulation of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA by exercise training and down-regulation of UCP3 by denervation in skeletal muscles. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 247, 498-503.

Vavvas, D., Apazidis, A., Saha, A.K., Gamble, J., Patel, A., Kemp, B.E., Witters, L.A. and Ruderman, N.B. (1997) Contraction-induced change in acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 5'-AMP-activated kinase in skeletal muscle. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272, 13255-13261.

Weigle, D.S., Selfridge, L.E., Schwars, M.W., Seeley, R.J., Cummings, D.E., Havel, P.J., Knuiper, J.L. and BeltrandeRio, H. (1998) Elevated free fatty acid induce uncoupling protein 3 expression in muscle. Diabetes 447, 1453-1460.

Winder, W.W., Arogyasami, J., Elayan, I.M. and Cartmill, D. (1990) Time course of exercise-induced decline in malonyl-CoA in different muscle types. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 259, E266-E271.

Zhou, M., Lin, B.Z., Coughlin, S., Vallega, G. and Pilch, P.F. (2000) UCP-3 expression in skeletal muscle: effects of exercise, hypoxia and AMP-activated protein kinase. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 279, E622-E629.