REFERENCES

American College of Sports Medicine. (1998) The recommended quantity and quality exercise for developing maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and flexibility in healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 330, 975-991.

Aniansson, A., Ljungberg, P., Rundgren, A. and Wetterqvist, H. (1984) Effect of a training programme for pensioners on condition and muscular strength. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 33, 229-241.

Atienza, A.A. (2001) Home-based physical activity programs for middle-aged and older adults: Summary of empirical research. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 9, S38-S58.

Barnett, A., Smith, B., Lord, S. R. Williams, M. and Baumand, A. (2003) Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at-risk older people: a randomized controlled trial. Age and Aging 32, 407-414.

Borg, G.A.V. (1982) Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 114, 377-381.

Brubaker, P.H., Rejeski, W.J., Smith, M.J., Seversky, K. H., Lamb, K.A., Sotile, W.M. and Miller, H.S. (2000) A home-based maintenance exercise program after center-based cardiac rehabilitation: effects on blood lipids, body composition, and functional capacity. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 20, 50-56.

Campanelli, L.C. (1996) Mobility changes in older adults: Implications for practitioners. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 44, 105-118.

Davis, J.W., Nevitt, M.C., Wasnich, R.D. and Ross, P.D. (1999) A cross-cultural comparison of neuromuscular performance, functional status, and falls between Japanese and White women. Journal of Gerontology 554, M288-M292.

Fatouros, I.G., Taxidaris, K., Tokmakidis, S.P., Kalapotharakos, V., Aggelousis, N., Athansopoulos, S., Zeeris, I. and Katrabasas, I. (2002) The effects of strength training, cardiovascular training & their combination of flexibility of inactive older adults. International Journal of Sports Medicine 223, 112-119.

Feigenbaum, M.S. and Pollock, M.L. (1997) Strength training: Rational for current guidelines for adult fitness programs. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 225, 44-64.

Gill, T.M., Baker, D.I., Gottschalk, M., Peduzzi, P.N., Allore, H. and Van Ness, P.H. (2004) A prehabilitation program for the prevention of functional decline: effect on higher-level physical function. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 885, 1043-1049

Hands, M.E., Briffa, T., Henderson, K., Antico, V., Tompson, P., and Hung, J. (1987) Functional capacity and left ventricular function: The effect of supervised and unsupervised exercise rehabilitation soon after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 77, 578-584.

Haskell W.L. (1994) Health consequences of physical activity: Understanding and challenges regarding dose-response. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 226, 649-660.

Jette, A.M., Harris, B.A., Sleeper, L., Lachman, M.E., Heislein, D., Giorgetti, M. and Levenson, C. (1996) A home-based exercise program for non-disabled older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 44, 644-649.

Jette, A.M., Rooks, D., Lachman, M., Lin, T.H., Levenson, C., Heislein, D., Giorgetti, M.M. and Harris, B.A. (1998) Home-based resistance training: Predictors of participation and adherence. The Gerontologist 338, 412-421.

Jette, A.M., Lachman, M., Giorgetti, M.M., Assmann, S. F., Harris, B.A., Levenon, C., Wernick, M. and Krebs, D. (1999) Exercise---It's never too late: The strong-for-life program. American Journal of Public Health 889, 66-72.

Juneau, M., Rogers, F., De Santos, V., Yee, M., Evans, A., Bohn, A., Haskell, W.L., Taylor, C.B. and DeBusk, R.F. (1987) Effectiveness of self-monitored, home-based, moderate-intensity exercise training in middle-aged men and women. American Journal of Cardiology 60, 66-70.

King, A.C., Haskell, W.L., Taylor, C.B., Kraemer, H.C. and Debusk, R.F. (1991) Group- vs home-based exercise training in healthy older men and women: a community-based clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2266, 1535-1542.

King, A.C., Pruitt, L.A., Phillips, W., Oka, R., Rodenburg, A. and Haskell, W.L. (2000) Comparative effects of two physical activity programs on measured and perceived physical functioning and other health-related quality of outcomes in older adults. Journals of Gerontology Medical Sciences 555, M74-M83.

Loy, S., Tanada, M., Tanaka, K., Okura, T., Ohno, H., Nakagaichi, M., Shigematsu, R. and Yaspelkis, B. (2001) Health and fitness: a question of lifestyle? - Japanese living in Japan compared to Japanese living in the USA. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal 5, 15-19.

Martin, K.A. and Sinden, A.R. (2001) Who will stay and who will go? A review of older adults' adherence to randomized controlled trials of exercise. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 99, 91-114.

Marzilli, T.S., Schuler, P.B., Willhoit, K.F. and Stepp, M.F. (2004) Effect of a community-based strength and flexibility program on performance-based measures of physical fitness in older African-American adults Californian. Journal of Health Promotion 2(3), 92-98.

Miller, N.H., Haskell, W.L., Berra, K. and Debusk, R.F. (1984) Home versus group exercise training for increased functional capacity after myocardial infarction. Circulation 770, 645-649.

Rikli, R.E. and Jones, C.J. (1999a) Development and validation of functional fitness test for community-residing older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 77, 129-161.

Rikli, R.E. and Jones, C.J. (1999b) Functional fitness normative scores for community-residing older adults, ages 60-94. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 77, 162-181.

Rogers, M.E., Sherwood, H.S., Rogers, N.L. and Bohlken, R.M. (2002) Effects of dumbbell and elastic band training on physical function in older inner-city African-American women. Women & Health 336, 33-41.

Skelton, D.A., Young, A., Greig, C.A. and Malbut, K.E. (1995) Effects of resistance training on strength, power, and selected functional abilities of women aged 75 and older. Journals of the American Geriatric Society 443, 1081-1087.

Takeshima, N. (2002) Koureisha no Herusu Puromoshon [Health Promotion for Older Adults]. 1st edition. Medical Review, Tokyo. 217-220. (In Japanese)

Takeshima, N., Brechue, W.F., Watanabe, E., Okada, A. and Tanaka, K. (1999) Hydraulic circuit exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, body composition and HDL-cholesterol in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 77, 332.

Takeshima, N., Kobayashi, F. and Watanabe, T. (1993) Effect of aerobic exercise conditioning at intensities corresponding to lactate threshold in elderly. European Journal of Applied Physiology 76, 138-143.

Takeshima, N., Tanaka, K., Kobayashi, F., Sumi, K., Watanabe, T. and Kato. T. (1992) Validity of the maximal aerobic capacity estimated from submaximal cycling exercise and field performance tests in the elderly. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 41, 295-303.

Toraman, F. and Sahin, G. (2004) Age responses to multicomponent training programme in older adults. Disability and Rehabilitation 226, 448-454.

United Nations. (2003) World population prospects: The 2002 revision. United Nations Population Division. 15-17.

U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1996) Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

Wood, R.H., Reyes, R., Welsch, M.A., Sabatier, J.F., Sabatier, M., Lee, C.M., Johnson, L.G. and Hooper, P.F. (2001) Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, 1751-1758.

Yamauchi, T., Yamada, T., Islam, M.M., Okada, A., Takahashi, T. and Takeshima, N. (2003) Effects of well-rounded exercise program on overall fitness in older outpatients. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 552, 513-524.