Altman, R., Asch, E. and Bloch, D. (1986) The American College Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis and Rheumatism 29, 1039-1049.

Badley, E.M. and Tennant, A. (1992) Changing profile of joint disorders with age: findings from a postal survey of the population of Calderdale, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 51, 366-371.

Barret, D.S., Cobb, A.G. and Bentley, G. (1991) Joint proprioception in normal, osteoarthritic and replaced knees. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British Volume) 73B, 53-56.

Beals, C.A., Lampman, R.M., Banwell, B.F., Braunstein, E.M., Albers, J.W. and Castor, C.W. (1985) Measurement of exercise tolerance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology 12, 458-461.

Bijlsma, J.W.J and Dekker J. (2005) A step forward for exercise in the management of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology 44, 5-6.

Birmingham, T.B., Krameri J.F., Kirkley, A., Inglis, T., Spaulding, S.J. and Vandervoort, A.A. (2001) Association among neuromuscular and anatomic measures for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 882, 1115-1118.

Brown, M. and Holloszy, J.O. (1991) Effects of a low intensity exercise program on selected physical performance characteristics of 60- to 71- year olds. Aging 3, 129-139.

Bullock-Saxton, J.E., Wong, W.J. and Hogan, N. (2001) The influence of age on weight-bearing joint reposition sense of the knee. Experimental Brain Research 136, 400-406.

Chamberline, M.A., Care, G. and Harfield, B. (1982) Physiotherapy in osteoarthritis of the knees. A controlled trial of hospital versus home exercises. International Journal of Rehabilitative Medicine 4, 101-106.

Felson, D.T. (1990) The epidemiology of knee osteoarthritis: results from the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 20, 42-50.

Fisher, N.M., Pedegast, D.R., Gresham, G.E. and Calkins, E. (1991) Muscle rehabilitation: its effect on muscular and functional performance on patients with knee OA. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 72, 367-374.

Fisher, N.M., Gresham, G.E., Abrams, M., Hicks, J., Hornigon, D. and Pendergest, D.R. (1993) Quantitative effects of physical therapy on muscular and functional performance in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knees. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 774, 840-847.

Fitzpatrick, R. and McCloskey, D.I. (1994) Proprioceptive, visual and vestibular thresholds for the perception of sway during standing in humans. The Journal of Physiology 478, 173-186.

Gauchard, G.C., Jeandel, J., Tessier, A. and Perrin, P.P. (1999) Benefical effect of proprioceptive physical activities on balance control in elderly human subjects. Neuroscience Letters 273, 81-84.

Gur, H., Cakin, N., Akova, B., Okay, E. and Kucukoglu, S. (2002) Concentric versus combined concentric-eccentric isokinetic training: effects on functional capacity and symptoms in patients with osteoarthrosis of the knee. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 83, 308-316.

Hassan, B.S., Mockett, S. and Doherty, M. (2001) Static postural sway, proprioception, and maximal voluntary quadriceps contraction in patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal control subjects. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 60, 612-618.

Hopkins, D.R., Murrah, B., Hoeger, W.W. and Rhodes, R.C. (1990) Effect of low-impact aerobic dance on the functional fitness of elderly women. Gerontologist 30, 189-192.

Hu, M.H. and Woollacott, M.H. (1994) Multisensory training of standing balanve in older adults: I. Postural stability and one-leg stance balance. Journal of Gerontology 49, M52-61.

Hurley, M.V. (2003) Muscle dysfunction and effective rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis: What we know and what we need to find out. Arthritis and Rheumatism 49, 444-452.

Hurley, M.V. and Scott, D.L. (1998) Improvements in quadriceps sensorimotor function and disability of patients with knee osteoarthritis following a clinically practicable exercise regime. British Journal of Rheumatology 37, 1181-1187.

Hurley, M.V., Scott, D.L., Rees, J. and Newham, D.J. (1997) Sensorimotor changes and functional performance in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 56, 641-648.

Kettunen, J.A. and Kujala, U.M. (2004) Exercise therapy for people with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 14, 138-142.

Kirwan, J.R. and Silman, A.J. (1987) Epidemiological, sociological and environmental aspects of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis. Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology 1, 467-489.

Koralewicz, L.M. and Engh, G.A. (2000) Comparison of proprioception in arthritic and age-matched normal knees. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 82A, 1582-1588.

Lord, S.R., Lloyd, D.G. and Li, S.K. (1996) Sensori-motor function, gait patterns and falls in community-dwelling women. Age and Ageing 25, 292-299.

MacRae, P.G., Feltner, M.E. and Reinsch, S. (1994) A 1-year exercise program for older women: Effects on falls, injuries, and physical performance. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 2, 127-142.

Mankin, H.J. (1989) Clinical features of osteoarthritis. In: Textbook of Rheumatology. Eds: Kelley, W.N., Harris, E.D. and Ruddy, S. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1480-1500.

Marks, R. (1994a) An investigation of the influence of age, clinical status, pain and position sense on stair walking in women with osteoarthrosis. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research 17, 151-158.

Marks, R. (1994b) Correlation between knee position sense measurements and disease severity in persons with osteoarthritis. Revue du Rhumatisme (English ed.) 61, 365-372.

Messier, S.P., Royer, T.D., Craven, T.E., O'Toole, M.L., Burns, R. and Ettinger, W.H. Jr. (2000) Long-term exercise and its effect on balance in older, osteoarthritic adults: results from the Fitness, Arthritis, and Seniors Trial (FAST). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 48, 131-138.

Minor, M.A., Hewett, J.E., Webel, R.R., Anderson, S.K. and Kay, D.R. (1989) Efficacy of physical conditioning exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatism 32, 1396-1405.

O'Reilly, S.C., Muir, K.R. and Doherty, M. (1999) Effectiveness of home exercise on pain and disability from osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomised controlled trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 58, 15-19.

Perrin, P.P., Gauchard, G.C., Perrot, C. and Jeandel, C. (1999) Effects of physical and sporting activities on balance control in elderly people. British Journal of Sports Medicine 33, 121-126.

Petrella, R.J., Lattanzio, P.J. and Nelson, M.G. (1997) Effect of age and activity on knee joint proprioception. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 76, 235-241.

Roddy, E., Zhang, W., Doherty, M., Arden, N.K., Barlow, J., Birrell, F., Carr, A., Chakravarty, K., Dickson, J., Hay, E., Hoise, G., Hurley, M., Jordan, K.M., McCarthy, C., McMurdo, M., Mockett, S., O'Reilly, S., Peat, G., Pendleton, A. and Richards, S. (2005) Evidence-based recommendations for the role of exercise in the management of osteoarthritis of the hip or knee - the MOVE consensus. Rheumatology 44, 67-73.

Rogind, H., Bibow-Nielsen, B., Jensen, B., Moller, H.C., Frimodt-Moller, H. and Bliddal, H. (1998) The effects of a physical training program on patients with osteoarthritis of the knees. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 79, 1421-1427.

Stauffer, R.N., Chao, E.Y.S. and Gyory, A.N. (1977) Biomechanical gait analysis of the diseased knee joint. Clinical Orthopaedics 126, 246-255.

Swanik, C.B., Rubash, H.E., Barrack, R.L, and Lephart, S.M. (2000) The role of proprioception in patients with DJD and following total knee arthroplasty. In: Proprioception and neuromuscular control in joint stability. Eds: Lephart, S.M. and Fu, F.H. United States: Human Kinetics. 323-339.

Topp, R., Mikesky, A., Wigglesworth, J., Holt, W.Jr. and Edwards, J.E. (1993) The effect of a 12-week dynamic resistance strength training program on gait velocity and balance of older adults. Gerontologist 33, 501-506.

WMADH (2000) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The Journal of the American Medical Association 20, 3043-3045.