REFERENCES

Crisco, J.J., Jokl, P., Heinen, G.T., Conell, M.D. and Panjabi, M.M. (1994) A muscle contusion injury model - Biomechanics, Physiology and Histology. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 22, 702-710.

Deal, D.N., Tipton, J., Rosencrance, E., Curl, W.W. and Smith, T.L. ( 2002) Ice reduces edema. A study of microvascular permeability in rats. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American Volume) 84, 1573-1578.

Enwemeka, C.S., Allen, C., Avila, P., Bina, J., Konrade, J. and Munns, S. (2002) Soft tissue thermodynamics before, during, and after cold pack therapy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 34, 45-50.

Eston, R. and Peters, D. (1999) Effects of cold water immersion on the symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 231-238.

Fisher, B.D., Baracos, V.E., Shnitka, T.K., Mendryk, S.W. and Reid, D.C. (1990) Ultrastructural events following acute muscle trauma. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 22, 185-193.

Hocutt, J.E., Jaffe, R., Rylander, C.R. and Bebbe, J.K. (1982) Cryotherapy in ankle sprain. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 10, 316-319.

Jarvinen, M. (1976) Healing of a crush injury in rat striated muscle. Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, 142, 47-56.

Jarvinen, T.A.H., Jarvinen, T.L.N., Kaariainen, M., Kalimo, H. and Jarvinen, M. (2005) Muscle injuries - biology and treatment. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, 745-764.

Kellett, J. (1986) Acute soft tissues injuries - A review of the literature. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 18, 489-500.

Knight, K.L. and Londeree, B.R. (1980) Comparison of blood flow in normal subjects during therapeutic application of heat, cold, and exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 12, 76-80.

Knight, K.L., Bryan, K.S. and Halvorsen, J.M. (1981) Circulatory changes in the forearm during and after cold pack application and immersion in 1-degrees-C, 5-degrees-C, 10-degrees-C, and 15-degrees-C water. International Journal of Sports Medicine 4, 281.

Knight, K.L., (1985) Cryotherapy: theory, technique, and physiology. Indiana, Chattonooga Corporation, EUA.

Knight, K.L., (1995) Cryotherapy in sports injury management. Champaigh, IL: Human Kinetics.

Kowal, M.A. (1983) Review of physiological effects of cryotherapy. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy 5, 66-73.

Lee, H., Natsui, H., Akimoto, T., Yanagi, K., Ohshima, N. and Kono, I. (2005) Effects of cryotherapy after contusion using real time intravital microscopy. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 37, 1093-1098.

Merrick, M. A., Rankin, J. M., Andres, F. A. and Hinman, C.L. (1999) A preliminary examination of cryotherapy and secondary injury in skeletal muscle. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31, 1516-1521.

Menth-Chiari, W.A., Curl, W.W., Paterson-Smith, B. and Smith, T.L. (1999) Microcirculation of striated muscle in closed soft tissue injury: effect on tissue perfusion, inflammatory cellular response and mechanisms of cryotherapy. A study in rat by means of laser doppler flow measurements and intravital microscopy. Unfallchirurgie 102, 691-699.

Merrick, M.A., Knight, K.L., Ingersoll, C.D. and Potteiger, J.Á. (1993) The effects of ice and compression wraps on intramuscular temperatures at various depths. Journal of Athletic Training 29, 236-245.

Minamoto, V.B., Grazziano, C.R. and Salvini, T.F. (1999) Effect of single and periodic contusion on the rat soleus muscle at different stages of regeneration. TThe Anatomical Record 254, 281-287.

Miyabara, E.H., Martin, J.L., Griffin, T.M., Moriscot, H.S. and Mestril, R. (2006) Overexpression of inducible 70 KDa heat strock protein (HSP70) in mouse attenuates skeletal muscle induced by cryolesion. American Journal of Physiology (Cell Physiology) 2290, 1128-1138.

Morini, C.C., Pereira, E.C.L., Selistre de Araújo, H., Ownby, C.L. and Salvini T.F. (1998) Injury and recovery of fast and slow skeletal muscle fibers affected by ACL myotoxin isolated from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus (Broad-Banded Copperhead) venom. Toxicon 36, 1007-1024.

Olson, J.E. and Stravino, V.D. (1972) A review of cryotherapy. Physical Therapy 53, 840-853.

Salvini, T.F., Belluzzo, S.S., Selistre de Araujo, H. and Souza, D.H.S. (2001) Regeneration and change of muscle fiber types after injury induced by a hemorrhagic fraction isolated from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus venom. Toxicon, 39, 641-649.

Shelbourne, K.D. and Wilckens, J.H. (1990) Current concepts in anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation. Orthopaedic Review 19, 957-964.

Smith, L.L. (1991) Brief review - Acute inflammation: the underlying mechanism in delayed onset muscle soreness? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 23, 542-551.

Thorsson, O., Hemdal, B., Lilja, B. and Westlin, N. (1987) The effect of external pressure on intramuscular blood flow at rest and after running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 19, 469-473.

Yanagisawa, O., Kudo, H., Takahashi, N. and Yoshioka, H. (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cooling on blood flow and oedema in skeletal muscles after exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology 91, 737-740.