Table 1.  Methodologies for assessing the VO2 kinetic response to moderate intensity exercise in children.

Author

Sex

N

Age (y)

Step change

Sampling
interval

Quantification
method

No of transitions

Confidence interval

Time constant
(τ , s)

Freedson et al. (1981)

M

28

10.2 (2.3)

BL – 49W

20s

1

34.8 (12.7)

Sady et al. (1983)

M

21

10.2 (1.3)

BL – 42% VO2

15s

1

18.5 (.75)

Cooper et al. (1984)

M
M
F
F

37
21
24
27

10 (2)
16 (1)
9 (2)
15 (2)

Ramp protocol

BB

MRT from ramp
protocol

1

43 (15)

Cooper et al. (1985)

M
F

5
5

8 (1)
9 (1)

Rest – 75% TVent

BB

Model 1, t > 20s

6

26.5 (3.0)
26.5 (4.0)*

Springer et al. (1991)

M+F

9

8.2 (1.4)

Rest – 80% TVent

BB

Model 2, t > 15s

5

23.9 (4.6)

Zanconato et al. (1991)

M+F

10

9.0 (1.3)

BL – 80% TVent

BB

1min t½

1

23.0 (5.3)

Armon et al. (1991)

M+F

6

6 – 12

BL – 80% TVent

BB

Model 1, t > 0s

1

26 (8)*

Hamar et al. (1991)

18

14.1 (.6)

Rest – 65% peak

BB

Model 2, t > phase1

1

20.2 (5.9)

Hebestreit et al. (1998)

M

9

11.1 (1.2)

20W-50% peak VO2

BB

Model 2, t > phase1

4

22.8 (5.1)

Obert et al. (2000)

M+F

23

10-13

BL – 80% TLac

BB

Model 4, t > phase 1

1

24.9 (6.6)

Williams et al. (2001)

M

8

12.2 (.2)

Rest – 80% - TLac

BB

Model 5

4

10.2 (1.0)

Fawkner and Armstrong (2002b)

M
F

11
12

11.6 (.3)
11.7 (.4)

BL – 80% TVent

BB

Model 1, t > 0s

4-10

τ < ± 5s

29.5 (3.9)**
30.9 (4.5)*

Fawkner and Armstrong (2002b)

M
F

11
12

11.6 (.3)
11.7 (.4)

BL – 80% TVent

BB

Model 1, t > 15s

4-10

τ < ± 5s

29.0 (3.9)**
30.5 (3.9)*

Fawkner and Armstrong (2002b)

M
F

11
12

11.6 (.3)
11.7 (.4)

BL – 80% TVent

BB

Model 2, t > 0s

4-10

τ < ± 5s

25.9 (3.3)**
27.8 4.2)*

Fawkner and Armstrong (2002b)

M
F

11
12

11.6 (.3)
11.7 (.4)

BL – 80% TVent

BB

Model 2, t > 15s

4-10

τ < ± 5s

19.0 ± 2.0**
21.0 ± 5.5*

Abbreviations: BL = baseline pedalling;  TVent= ventilatory threshold; TLac = lactate threshold ; τ  = time constant