Figure 1. Example of the evaluation of coordination between breathing and rowing rhythms. Respiratory (lower graph) and rhythmic upper-body movement (upper graph) signals were synchronized during submaximal rowing exercise. Dotted line represents the beginning of expiration. The signal between two dotted lines represents a full respiratory cycle (expiration and inspiration phases). Phase interval (PI) represents the time between an arbitrary chosen point of the stroke movement (i.e., the peak force during stroke) and the onset of expiration cycle by cycle. In the lower graph, the downward and the upward slopes represent the expiration and the inspiration phases, respectively.