REFERENCES

Baggish, A.L., Wang, F., Weiner, R.B., Elinoff, J.M., Tournoux, F., Boland, A., Picard, M.H., Hutter, A.M. and Wood, M.J. (2007) Training-specific changes in cardiac structure and function: a prospective and longitudinal assessment of competitive athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology Dec 20 (Epub ahead of print).

Balciunas, M. and Stonkus, S. (2003) Analysis of predominant intensity of physical load in basketball players of different ages during competition and training. Human Movement 2, 17-21.

Barbier, J., Ville, N., Kervio, G., Walther, G. and Carre, F. (2006) Sports-specific features of athlete's heart and their relation to echocardiographic parameters. Herz 31, 531-543.

Bertovic, D.A., Waddell, T.K., Gatzka, C.D., Cameron, J.D., Dart, A.M. and Kingwell, B.A. (1999) Muscular strength training is associated with low arterial compliance and high pulse pressure. Hypertension 33, 1385-1391.

Csanady, M. and Gruber, N. (1984) Comparative echocardiographic study in leading canoe-kayak and handball sportsmen. Cor et Vasa 226, 32-37.

Cumming, D.C., Brunsting, L.A. 3rd, Strich, G., Ries, A.L. and Rebar, R.W. (1986) Reproductive hormone increases in response to acute exercise in men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 18, 369-373.

Devereux, R.B., Alonso, D.R., Lutas, E.M., Gottlieb, G.J., Campo, E., Sachs, I. and Reichek, N. (1986) Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. The American Journal of Cardiology 57, 450-458.

Du Bois, D. and Du Bois, E.F. (1916) A formula to estimate approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Archives of Internal Medicine 17, 129-171.

Fagard, R.H. (2003) Athlete's heart. Heart 89, 1455-1461.

Gates, P.E., Campbell, I.G. and George, K.P. (2004) Concentric left ventricular morphology in aerobically trained kayak canoeists. Journal of Sports Sciences 22, 859-865.

Gates, P.E., George, K.P. and Campbell, I.G. (2003) Concentric adaptation of the left ventricle in response to upper body exercise training. Journal of Applied Physiology 94, 549-554.

George, K.P., Wolfe, L.A. and Burggraf, G.W. (1991) The 'athletic heart syndrome'. A critical review. Sports Medicine 11, 300-330.

Haykowsky, M.J., Dressendorfer, R., Taylor, D., Mandic, S. and Humen, D. (2002) Resistance training and cardiac hypertrophy: unravelling the training effect. Sports Medicine 32, 837-849.

Haykowsky, M.J., Teo, K.K., Quinney, A.H., Humen, D.P. and Taylor, D.A. (2000) Effects of long term resistance training on left ventricular morphology. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology 16, 35-38.

Hoogsteen, J., Hoogeveen, A., Schaffers, H., Wijn, P.F., van Hemel, N.M. and van der Wall, E.E. (2004) Myocardial adaptation in different endurance sports: an echocardiographic study. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 20, 19-26.

Iglesias Cubero, G., Batalla, A., Rodriguez Reguero, J.J., Barriales, R., Gonzalez, V., de la Iglesia, J.L. and Terrados, N. (2000) Left ventricular mass index and sports: the influence of different sports activities and arterial blood pressure. International Journal of Cardiology 75, 261-265.

Legaz Arrese, A., Serrano Ostariz, E., Gonzalez Carretero, M. and Lacambra Blasco, I. (2005) Echocardiography to measure fitness of elite runners. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 18, 419-426.

Morganroth, J., Maron, B.J., Henry, W.L. and Epstein, S.E. (1975) Comparative left ventricular dimensions in trained athletes. Annals of Internal Medicine 82, 521-524.

Pelliccia, A., Maron, B.J., De Luca, R., Di Paolo, F.M., Spataro, A. and Culasso, F. (1999) Physiological left ventricular cavity dilatation in elite athletes. Annals of Internal Medicine 130, 23-31.

Naylor, L.H., George, K., O'Driscoll G. and Green, D.J. (2008) The athlete's heart: A contemporary appraisal of the 'Morganroth Hypothesis'. Sports Medicine 38, 69-90.

Pelliccia, A., Maron, B.J., Spataro, A., Proschan, M.A. and Spirito, P. (1991) The upper limit of physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in highly trained elite athletes. The New England Journal of Medicine 324, 295-301.

Pelliccia, A., Spataro, A., Caselli, G. and Maron, B.J. (1993) Absence of left ventricular wall thickening in athletes engaged in intense power training. The American Journal of Cardiology 72, 1048-1054.

Pluim, B.M., Zwinderman, A.H., van der Laarse, A. and van der Wall, E.E. (2000) The athlete's heart. A meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function. Circulation 101, 336-344.

Rowell, L.B. (1986) Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic physical activity and inactivity. Human circulation: regulation during physical stress. New York: Oxford University Press. 257-286.

Sahn, D.J., DeMaria, A., Kisslo, J. and Weyman, A. (1978) Recommendations regarding quantitation in M-mode echocardiography: results of a survey of echocardiographic measurements. Circulation 58, 1072-1083.

Shapiro, L.M. (1984) Physiological left ventricular hypertrophy. British Heart Journal 52, 130-135.

Shephard, R. (1987) Science and medicine of canoeing and kayaking. SSports Medicine 4, 19-33.

Snoeckx, L.H., Abeling, H.F., Lambregts, J.A., Schmitz, J.J., Verstappen, F.T. and Reneman, R.S. (1982) Echocardiographic dimensions in athletes in relation to their training programs. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 14, 428-434.

Tesch, P.A. (1983) Physiological characteristics of elite kayak paddlers. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences 8, 87-91.

Urhausen, A. and Kindermann, W. (1999) Sports-specific adaptations and differentiation of the athlete's heart. Sports Medicine 28, 237-244.

Vasiliauskas, D., Venck?nas, T., Marcinkeviciene, J. and Bartkeviciene, A. (2006) Development of structural cardiac adaptation in basketball players. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 13, 985-989.

Venckunas, T., Raugaliene, R. and Jankauskiene, E. (2005) Structure and function of distance runners' heart. Medicina (Kaunas) 41, 685-692.

Venckunas, T., Stasiulis, A. and Raugaliene, R. (2006) Concentric myocardial hypertrophy after one year of increased training volume in experienced distance runners. British Journal of Sports Medicine 40, 706-709.

Vogel, R.B., Books, C.A., Ketchum, C., Zauner, C.W. and Murray, F.T. (1985) Increase of free and total testosterone during submaximal exercise in normal males. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 17, 119-123.

Wernstedt, P., Sjostedt, C., Ekman, I., Du, H., Thuomas, K.A., Areskog, N.H. and Nylander, E. (2002) Adaptation of cardiac morphology and function to endurance and strength training. A comparative study using MR imaging and echocardiography in males and females. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 12, 17-25.

Whyte, G.P., George, K., Sharma, S., Firoozi, S., Stephens, N., Senior, R. and McKenna, W.J. (2004) The upper limit of physiological cardiac hypertrophy in elite male and female athletes: the British experience. European Journal of Applied Physiology 92, 592-597.