Figure 3. Relationships between energy cost of walking and average ratio of leg movement by breath when walking with (regression equation is Y = 2.16X -0.922, SEE = 0.06, n = 6, r = 0.91, p= 0.01, power of 0.72) and without (regression equation is Y = 2.67X - 1.051, SEE = 0.05, n = 6, r = 0.96, p = 0.02, power of 0.92) poles. Note: there was a shift to the right when using poles in the average ratio for a given grade condition.