Table 4.  Parameters of  joint spring-mass model during vertical jumping. Data are means (±SD).
   

Young Group

Older Group

Hip

Normalized Mhip-minimally (Nm·kg-1)

2.40 (.39)

1.71 (.39) *

Δθhip (degree)

94.91 (12.81)

74.87 (15.08) *

Normalized khip (Nm·kg-1·degree-1)

.03 (.00)

.02 (.00)

Knee

Normalized Mknee-minimally (Nm·kg-1)

1.48 (.15)

.78 (.28) *

Δθknee (degree)

95.21 (8.34)

88.62 (13.57)

Normalized kknee (Nm·kg-1·degree-1)

.02 (.00)

.01 (.00) *

Ankle

Normalized Mankle-minimally (Nm·kg-1)

1.71 (.22)

1.46 (.20)

Δθankle (degree)

37.18 (1.35)

32.26 (7.51)

 

Normalized kankle (Nm·kg-1·degree-1)

.05 (.01)

.05 (.02)

* significant difference between groups, p < 0 .05.