REFERENCES

Baratta, R., Solomonow, M., Zhou, B.H., Letson, D., Chuinard, R. and D'Ambrosia, R. (1988) Muscular coactivation. American Journal of Sports Medicine 16, 113-122.

Bassey, E.J., Fiataronc, M.A., O'neil, E.F., Kelly, M., Evans, W.J. and Lipsitz, L.A. (1992) Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women. Clinical Science 882, 321-327.

Borst, S.E. (2004) Interventions for sarcopenia and muscle weakness in older people. Age and Aging 333, 548-555.

Brughelli, M. and Cronin, J. (2008) A review of research on the mechanical stiffness in running and jumping: methodology and implications. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 18, 1-10.

Butler, R.J., Crowell, H.P. and Davis, I.M. (2003) Lower extremity stiffness: implications for performance and injury. Clinical Biomechanics 118, 511-517.

Cannon, S.C. and Zahalak, G.I. (1982) The mechanical behavior of active human skeletal muscle in small oscillations. Journal of Biomechanics 15, 111-121.

Cavagna, G.A., Heglund, N.C. and Taylor, C.R. (1977) Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure. American Journal of Physiology 4437, 287-304.

Connelly, D.M. (2000) Resisted exercise training of institutionalized older adults for improved strength and functional mobility: A review. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 115, 6-28.

Cress, M.E., Buchner, D.M., Prohaska, T., Rimmer, J., Brown, M., Macera, C., dePietro, L. and Zakio, W.C. (2004) Physical activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult populations. Medicine and Science in Sports and Science 336, 1997-2003.

Dempster, W.T. (1955). Space requirements of the seated operator. Technical Report WADC-TR-55-159. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton.

Decker, M.J., Torry, M.R., Wyland, D.J., Sterett, W.I. and Richard, S.J. (2003) Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clinical Biomechanics 118, 662-669.

Derrick, T.R. (2004) The effects of knee contact angle on impact forces and accelerations. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 36, 832-837.

Elvira, J.L.L., Rodriguez, I.G., Riera, M.M. and Jodar, X.A. (2001) Comparative study of the reliability of three jump tests with two measurement systems. Journal of Human Movement Studies 441, 369-383.

Enoka, R.M. (1996) Eccentric contractions require unique activation strategies by the nervous system. Journal of Applied Physiology 81, 2339-2346.

Farley, C.T., Glasheen, J. and McMahon, T.A. (1993) Running springs: speed and animal size. Journal of Experimental Biology 185, 71-86.

Farley, C.T. and Gonzalez, O. (1996) Leg stiffness and stride frequency in human running. Journal of Biomechanics 229, 181-186.

Farley, C.T., Houdijk, H.H.P., van Strien, C. and Louie, M. (1998) Mechanism of leg stiffness adjustment for hopping on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Journal of Applied Physiology 885, 1044-1055.

Farley, C.T. and Morgenroth, D.C. (1999) Leg stiffness primarily depends on ankle stiffness during human hopping. Journal of Biomechanics 332, 267-273.

Flanagan, E.P. and Harrison, A.J. (2007) Muscle dynamics differences between legs in healthy adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 221, 67-72.

Full, R.J. and Farley, C.T. (2000) Musculoskeletal dynamics in rhythmic system: A comparative approach to legged locomotion. In: Biomechanics and neural control of posture and movement. Eds: Winters, J.M. and Crago, P.E. New York: Springer-Verlag. 192-203.

Granata, K.P., Padua, D.A. and Wilson, S.E. (2002) Gender differences in active musculoskeletal stiffness. Part II. Quantification of leg stiffness during functional hopping tasks. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 112, 127-135.

Gollhofer, A., Strojnik, V., Rapp, W. and Schwerizer, L. (1992) Regulation of muscle stiffness in human locomotion. International Journal of Sports Medicine 55, 156-159.

Haguenauer, M., Legreneur, P. and Monteil, K.M. (2005) Vertical jumping reorganization with aging: A kinematic comparison between young and elderly men. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 221, 236-246.

Hortobagyi, T. and DeVita, P. (2000) Muscle pre- and coactivity during downward stepping are associated with leg stiffness in aging. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 110, 117-126.

Izquicrdo, M., Aguado, X., Gonzalez, R., Lopez, J.L. and Hakkinen, K. (1999) Maximal and explosive force production capacity and balance performance in men of different ages. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 779, 260-267.

Komi, P.V. (1992) Stretch-shortening cycle. In: Strength and power in sport. London: Blackwell Science. 169-179.

Kubo, K., Kawakami, Y. and Fukunaga, T (1999) Influence of elastic properties of tendon structures on jump performance in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 87, 2090-2096.

Kuitunen, S., Kyrolainen, H., Avela, J. and Komi, P.V. (2007) Leg stiffness modulation during exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 117, 67-75.

Latash, M.L. and Zatsiorsky, V.M. (1993) Joint stiffness: Myth or reality? Human Movement Science 112, 653-692.

Liu, Y., Peng, C.H., Wei, S.H., Chi, J.C., Tsai, F.R. and Chen, J.Y. (2006) Active leg stiffness and energy stored in the muscles during maximal counter movement jump in the aged. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 116, 342-351.

Lord, S.R., Ward, J.A., Williams, P. and Anstey, K.A. (1994) Physiological factors associated with falls in older community-dwelling women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 442, 1110-1117.

Nigg, B.M. and Herzog, W. (2007) Biomechanics of the musculo-skeletal system. 3 rd edition. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Owen, G.., Cronin, J., Gill, N. and McNair, P. (2005) Knee extensor stiffness and functional performance. Physical Therapy in Sport 66, 38-44.

Paasuke, M., Ereline, J. and Gapeyeva, H. (2003) Age-related differences in knee extension rate of isometric force development and vertical jumping performance in women. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 443, 453-458.

Williams, D.S.B., Brunt, D. and Tanenberg, R.J. (2007) Diabetic neuropathy is related to joint stiffness during late stance phase. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 223, 251-260.

Winter, D.A. (2005) Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. 3 rd edition. J. Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.

Yoon, S., Tauchi, K. and Takamatsu, K. (2007) Effect of ankle joint stiffness during eccentric phase in rebound jumps on ankle joint torque at midpoint. International Journal of Sports Medicine 228, 66-71.