Table 1.  Descriptive statistics of the outcome and self confidence scores.

Group & Difficulty

Measure

Performance outcome

Self confidence scores

   

M

SD

Range

M

SD

Range

Group A Correction Cue

             

Forehand Clear

Pretest

31.93

3.23

30-35

5.48

0.54

4-6

 

Posttest

37.81

1.27

35-40

8.64

0.69

5-9

 

Retention

37.50

1.03

34-39

8.33

0.72

6-9

Backhand Clear

Pretest

16.75

1.34

14-18

5.09

0.88

3-7

 

Posttest

23.06

1.12

20-25

5.65

0.74

3-7

 

Retention

22.50

1.09

20-25

5.63

0.71

3-7

Group B Error Cue

             

Forehand Clear

Pretest

32.75

2.69

29-34

5.60

0.73

4-6

 

Posttest

38.18

0.98

35-38

6.20

0.43

4-7

 

Retention

37.56

1.09

34-38

6.15

0.41

4-8

Backhand Clear

Pretest

15.90

1.02

13-17

4.81

0.59

3-7

 

Posttest

21.85

1.16

19-25

5.14

0.57

3-8

 

Retention

21.31

2.02

19-24

5.05

0.51

3-8

Group C Error + Correction Cue              

Forehand Clear

Pretest

30.50

1.21

27-34

4.93

0.69

3-8

 

Posttest

34.37

0.71

29-37

8.65

0.52

6-9

 

Retention

34.00

0.89

30-37

8.49

0.56

5-9

Backhand Clear

Pretest

16.00

1.31

14-18

4.88

0.63

3-6

 

Posttest

27.50

1.71

24-29

7.59

0.65

4-9

 

Retention

26.75

2.08

25-29

7.50

0.61

4-9

Group D Control Group

             

Forehand Clear

Pretest

32.10

1.32

28-33

5.32

0.58

4-6

 

Posttest

32.50

0.84

29-34

5.44

0.64

4-7

 

Retention

32.43

1.06

29-33

5.38

0.49

4-6

Backhand Clear

Pretest

16.55

1.46

13-17

4.93

0.61

3-6

 

Posttest

16.80

1.82

13-18

5.06

0.67

3-7

 

Retention

16.69

1.33

14-18

4.98

0.59

3-6