Table 1. Subjects characteristics before and after the two-month program. Data are means (± SD).
 
Diet (n = 6)
Exercise (n = 6)
Diet/Exercise (n = 6)
 

Before

After

Before

After

Before

After

Age (years)

13.4 (.2)

 

13.1 (.1)

 

13.0 (.4)

 

PS (I / II-III / IV-V)

1 / 2 / 3

 

0 / 3 / 3

 

0 / 2 / 4

 

Weight (kg)

79.8 (11.2)

75.6 (10.5) *

81.7 (12.2)

80.3 (12.9)

78.9 (9.2)

73.1 (8.6) **

BMI (kg·m-2)

30.5 (2.2)

28.6 (2.1) *

30.6 (2.3)

29.5 (1.8)

30.0 (2.2)

27.7 (1.5) **

Body fat (kg)

32.4 (4.7)

28.3 (5.1) *

32.5 (4.4)

30.8 (4.5)

33.7 (5.4)

27.1 (3.4) **

WC  (cm)

98.2 (7.4)

95.3 (8.5) *

103.4 (8.4)

101.7 (7.4)

96.8 (6.0)

91.1 (6.7) **

Glucose (mmol·l-1)

4.52 (0.13)

4.46 (.17)

4.47 (.16)

4.41 (.10)

4.55 (.13)

4.19 (.16) **

Insulin (µU·ml-1)

20.8 (5.3)

19.6 (4.7)

20.4 (5.1)

16.5 (4.4) *

22.3 (5.1)

13.4 (4.8) **

HOMA-IR

4.18 (1.8)

3.89 (1.3)

4.05 (1.4)

3.23 (1.6) *

4.51 (1.2)

2.50 (1.7) **

Adiponectin (µg·ml-1)

2.13 (.7)

2.62 (1.1) *

1.97 (0.5)

2.73 (0.9) *

2.21 (1.1)

3.35 (1.0) **

TG (mmol·l-1)

1.33 (.11)

1.27 (.13)

1.36 (.17)

1.15 (.12) *

1.41 (.19)

1.13 (.15) **

TC (mmol·l-1)

4.42 (.36)

3.99 (.57) *

4.28 (.32)

4.12 (.44)

4.48 (.49)

3.82 (.56) **

HDL-C (mmol·l-1)

1.12 (.10)

1.10 (.13)

1.08 (.08)

1.16 (.11) *

1.04 (.09)

1.19 (.16) **

LDL-C (mmol·l-1)

2.69 (.21)

2.31 (.23) *

2.58 (.15)

2.43 (.26)

2.79 (.22)

2.11 (.23) **

TC/HDL-C

3.95 (.62)

3.63 (.41) *

3.96 (.23)

3.55 (.36) *

4.31 (.42)

3.21 (.19) **

PS: Pubertal status, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance, TG: triglycerides, TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 before versus after program.