Table 2.  Habitual physical activity and dietary intake. Values are mean (±SD), or median (range) for non-normally distributed data.
 
KF† Group
Control Group
 
 
Time effect
Group x time interaction

Characteristic

Baseline
n=12
Follow-up n=11
Baseline
n=8
Follow-up
n=8
Mean difference (95% CI‡)
ESg
p
p

abitual physical activity

MVPA║

2.5 (1.9)
2.9 (1.7)
2.9 (1.9)
3.8 (1.3)
-.41
(-2.28–1.47)
-.20
.40
.63
Dietary intake

Daily energy intake (kJ)

7148 (1882)
6715 (2167)
6045 (2357)
4558 (1823)
1053
(-1039–3144)
.48
.002*
.06
Daily energy intake (kJ.kg-1.d-1)
91.1 (37.9)
85.8 (45.8)
74.9 (44.6)
51.9 (18.7)
17.6
(-27.4– 62.6)
.41
.007*
.10

Total fat (g)

66.9 (21.2)
66.6 (29.0)
55.9 (23.5)
46.9 (23.3)
8.75
(-15.8–33.3)
.37
.07
.14
Saturated fat (g)
26.7 (7.5)
27.4 (10.3)
25.0 (11.4)
18.8 (9.4)
6.88
(-3.3–17.1)
.71
.07
.09

Polyunsaturated fat (g)

8.2 (2.8)
9.3 (4.7)
7.1 (2.7)
6.4 (4.4)
1.90
(-1.2 – 5.0)
.65
.94
.10
Monounsaturated fat (g)
24.9 (12.4–56.5)
22.6 (9.6–55.0)
18.6 (6.7–32.0)
17.8 (8.0–32.1)
-.54
(-11.9–10.8)
-.01
.03*
.35

Cholesterol
(mg)

243 (127)
264 (78)
204 (119)
201 (160)
24.4
(-114.0–161)
.18
.54
.52
Protein
(g)
57.4 (46.9–156.1)
73.5 (37.9–103.0)
59.2 (27.9–116.4)
54.2 (20.6–108.9)
3.09
(-31.82 – 38.01)
.37
.06
.20

Protein
(g.kg-1.d-1)

.9 (.3)
.9 (.5)
.7 (.4)
.6 (.3)
.14
(-.25–.53)
.38
.11
.29
Carbohydrate
(g)
194.8 (52.1)
173.9 (50.0)
167.8 (72.7)
107.8 (29.5)
39.1
(-28.4–106.5)
.61
.0008*
.04*

Sugars
(g)

81.8 (34.2)
77.0 (35.2)
66.2 (36.2)
35.4 (11.0)
26.1
(-12.7-64.8)
.70
.01*
.04*
Sodium
(mg)
2311 (1238–5393)
1881 (1120–3325)
1818 (915–3360)
1530 (850–3812)
-561
(-1678–556)
-.41
.02*
.67

kJ from protein (%)

16.8 (13.1–33.9)
18.7 (15.4–20.8)
19.4 (12.8–21.3)
20.3 (13.6–27.0)
-1.33
(-6.79–4.13)
-.08
.41
.74

kJ from fat
(%)

34.6 (4.2)
36.4 (6.2)
33.6 (5.6)
37.3 (6.6)
-1.95
(-7.21–3.31)
-.39
.14
.80
kJ from carbohydrate (%)
47.2 (5.8)
45.4 (6.6)
48.1 (7.6)
42.5 (7.3)
3.85
(-3.36–11.06)
.56
.12
.42
P values were generated between treatment groups from independent t-tests for continuous data, and chi square tests for categorical data. *p value of <0.05 denotes statistical significance; †KF Kung Fu; ‡95% confidence interval; §Hedge’s bias corrected effect size; ║moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (scores: 0 – 5, where a higher score reflects greater activity)