Brock-Utne, J.G., Gaffin, S.L., Wells, M.T., Gathiram, P., Sohar, E., James, M.F., Morrell, D.F. and Norman, R.J. (1988) Endotoxaemia in exhausted runners after long-distance race. South African Medical Journal 73, 533-536.

Brooks, G.A., Fahey, T.D., White, T.P., and Baldwin, K.M. (2000) Exercise physiology, human bioenergetics and its applications. Mayfield Publishing Co., Mountain View, CA.

Camus, G., Poortmans, J., Nys, M., Deby-Dupont, G., Duchateau, J., Deby, C. and Lamy, M. (1997) Mild endotoxaemia and the inflammatory response induced by a marathon race. Clinical Science 92, 415-422.

Dill, D.B. and Costill, D.L. (1974) Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology 37, 247-248.

Economos, C.D., Bortz, S.S. and Nelson, M.E. (1993) Nutritional practices of elite athletes. Practical recommendations. Sports Medicine 16, 381-399.

Fojt, E., Ekelund, L.G. and Hultman, E. (1976) Enzyme activities in hepatic venous blood under strenuous physical exercise. Pflügers Archives 361, 287-296.

Gil, S.M., Yazaki, E. and Evans, D.F. (1998) Aetiology of running-related gastrointestinal dysfunction. How far is the finishing line? Sports Medicine 26, 365-378.

Hales, J.R.S. and Sakurada, S. (1998) Heat tolerance: A role for fever? Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences 856, 188-205.

Hall, D.M., Buettner, G.R., Oberley, L.W., Xu, L., Matthes, R.D. and Gisolfi, C.V. (2001) Mechanisms of circulatory and intestinal barrier dysfunction during whole body hyperthermia. American Journal of Physiology 2280, H509-H521.

Harris, A., Lindeman, A.K. and Martin, B.J. (1991) Rapid orocecal transit in chronically active persons with high energy intake. Journal of Applied Physiology 70, 1550-1553.

Houston, M.E. (1995) Biochemistry primer for exercise science. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.

Jeukendrup, A.E., Vet-Joop, K., Sturk, A., Stegen, J.H.J.C., Senden, J., Saris, W.H.M. and Wagenmakers, A.J.M. (2000) Relationship between gastro-intestinal complaints and endotoxaemia, cytokine release and the acute-phase reaction during and after a long-distance triathlon in highly trained men. Clinical Science 98, 47-55.

Lambert, G.P., Boylan, M., Laventure, J.P., Bull, A. and Lanspa, S. (2007) Effect of Aspirin and Ibuprofen on GI permeability during exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine 28, 722-726.

Latour, M.G., Brault, A., Huet, P.M. and Lavoie, J.M. (1999) Effects of acute physical exercise on hepatocyte volume and function in rat. American Journal of Physiology 276, R1258-R1264.

Marlett, J.A., McBurney, M.I. and Slavin, J.L. (2002) Position of the American Dietetic Association Health Implications of Dietary Fiber. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 102, 993-1000.

Mena, P., Maynar, M. and Campillo, J.E. (1996) Changes in plasma enzyme activities in profesional racing cyclists. British Journal of Sports Medicine 30, 122-124.

Morton, D.P., and Callister, R. (2002) Factors influencing exercise-related transient abdominal pain. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, 745-749.

Nanbo, A., Nishimura, H., Muta, T. and Nagasawa, S. (1999) Lipopolysaccharide stimulates HepG2 human hepatoma cells in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein via CD14. European Journal of Biochemistry 260, 183-191.

Nielsen, H.B., Clemmensen, J.O., Skak, C., Ott, P. and Secher, N.H. (2002) Attenuated hepatosplanchnic uptake of lactate during intense exercise in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 92, 1677-1683.

Øktedalen, O., Lunde, O.C., Opstad, P.K., Aabakken, L. and Kvernebo, K. (1992) Changes in the gastrointestinal mucosa after long-distance running. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 27, 270-274.

Otte, J.A., Oostveen, E., Geelkerken, R.H., Groeneveld, A.B.J. and Kolkman, J.J. (2001) Exercise induces gastric ischemia in healthy volunteers: a tonometry study. Journal of Applied Physiology 91, 866-871.

Pals, K.L., Chang, R.T., Ryan, A.J. and Gisolfi, C.V. (1997) Effect of running intensity on intestinal permeability. Journal of Applied Physiology 82, 571-576.

Peters, H.P.F., Akkermans, L.M.A. and de Vries, W.R. (2001a) Gastrointestinal symptoms during prolonged exercise: Incidence, etiology, and recommendations. American Journal of Medicine and Sports 3, 94-106.

Peters, H.P.F., de Vries, W.R., Vanberge-Henegouwen, G.P. and Akkermans, L.M.A. (2001b) Potential benefits and hazards of physical activity and exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Gut 48, 435-439.

Ryan, A.J. (1993) Heat stroke and endotoxaemia: Sensitisation or tolerance to endotoxins? In: Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Vol. 6., Exercise, Heat, and Thermoregulation. Eds: Gisolfi, C.V., Lamb, D.R., and Nadel, E.R.. Carmel, IL: Cooper Publishing Group.

Ryan, A.J., Chang, R.T. and Gisolfi, C.V. (1996) Gastrointestinal permeability following aspirin intake and prolonged running. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 28, 698-705.

Schlang, H.A., and Kirkpatrick, C.A. (1961) The effect of physical exercise on serum transaminase. American Journal of Medicine and Science 242, 338-341.

Sherlock, S. and Dooley, J. (2001) Diseases of the liver and biliary system. Chapter 2. Assessment of liver function. 11th Edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

Sherman, W.M., Costill, D.L., Fink, W.J., and Miller, J.M. (1981) Effect of exercise-diet manipulation on muscle glycogen and its subsequent utilization during performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2, 114-118.

Smith, J.E., Garbutt, G., Lopes, P. and Pedoe, D.T. (2004) Effects of prolonged strenuous exercise (marathon running) on biochemical and haematological markers used in the investigation of patients in the emergency department. British Journal of Sports Medicine 38, 292-294.

Triantafilou, M. and Triantafilou, K. (2002) Lipopolysaccharide recognition: CD14, TLRs and the LPS-activation cluster. Trends in Immunology 23, 301-304.

van Deventer, S.J., Knepper, A., Landsman, J., Lawson, J., ten Cate, J.W., Büller, H.R., Sturk, A. and Pauw, W. (1988) Endotoxins in portal blood. Hepatogastroenterology 35, 223-225.

van Deventer, S.J.H., Büller, H.R., ten Cate, J.W., Aarden, L.A., Hack, E. and Sturk, A. (1990) Experimental endotoxaemia in humans: Analysis of cytokine release and coagulation, fibrinolitic, and complement pathways. Blood 76, 2520-2526.

van Deventer, S.J.H., Büller, H.R., ten Cate, J.W., Sturk, A. and Pauw, W. (1998) Endotoxaemia: An early predictor of septicaemia in febrile patients. Lancet 331, 605-608.

Van Nieuwenhoven, M.A., Brouns, F., and Brummer, R.J.M. (1999) The effect of physical exercise on parameters of gastrointestinal function. Neurogastroenterology and Motility 11, 431-439.

Vander, A.J., Sherman, J.H., and Luciano, D.S. (1998) Human physiology: The mechanisms of body function. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Wagenmakers, A.J. (1992) Amino acid metabolism, muscular fatigue and muscle wasting. Speculations on adaptations at high altitude. International Journal of Sports Medicine 13, s110-s113.

Widrick, J.J., Costill, D.L., Fink, W.J., Hickey, M.S., McConell, G.K., and Tanaka. H. (1993) Carbohydrate feedings and exercise performance: Effect of initial muscle glycogen concentration. Journal of Applied Physiology 74, 2998-3005.