REFERENCES

Balabinis, C.P., Psarakis, C.H., Moukas, M., Vassiliou, M.P. and Behrakis, P.K. (2003) Early phase changes by concurrent endurance and strength training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 17, 393-401.

Barbosa, T.M., Fernandes, R.J., Keskinen, K.L. and Vilas-Boas, J.P. (2008) The influence of stroke mechanics into energy cost of elite swimmers. European Journal of Applied Physiology 103, 139-149.

Barzdukas, A., Franciosi, P., Trappe, S., Letner, C. and Troup, J.P. (1992) Adaptations to interval training at common intensities and different work: Rest ratios. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VI. Eds: Maclaren, D., Reilly, T. & Lees, A. Cambridge, E & FN Spon. 189-194.

Costill, D.L., Flynn, M.G., Kirwan, J.P., Houmard, J.A., Mitchell, J.B., Thomas, R. and Park, S.H. (1988) Effects of repeated days of intensified training on muscle glycogen and swimming performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 20, 249-254.

Costill, D.L., Thomas, R., Robergs, R.A., Pascoe, D., Lambert, C., Barr, S. and Fink, W.J. (1991) Adaptations to swimming training: Influence of training volume. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 23, 371-377.

D'Acquisto, L.J., Barzdukas, A., Dursthoff, P., Letner, C. and Troup, J.P. (1992) Physiological adaptations to 60 vs 20 minutes of swim training at 76% VO2max. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VI. Eds: Maclaren, D., Reilly, T. & Lees, A. Cambridge, E & FN Spon. 195-199.

Faude, O., Meyer, T., Scharhag, J., Weins, F., Urhausen, A. and Kindermann, W. (2008) Volume vs. intensity in the training of competitive swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine 29, 906-912.

Gergley, T.J., McArdle, W.D., DeJesus, P., Toner, M.M., Jacobowitz, S. and Spina, R.J. (1984) Specificity of arm training on aerobic power during swimming and running. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 16, 349-354.

Girold, S., Calmels, P., Maurin, D., Milhau, N. and Chatard, J.C. (2006) Assisted and resisted sprint training in swimming. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, 547-554.

Girold, S., Maurin, D., Dugue, B., Chatard, J.C. and Millet, G. (2007) Effects of dry-land vs. Resisted- and assisted-sprint exercises on swimming sprint performances. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21, 599-605.

Gullstrand, L. and Holmér, I. (1983) Physiological characteristics of champion swimmers during a five-year follow-up period. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming IV. Eds: Hollander, A.P., Huijing, P.A. and De Groot, G. Champaign, Illinois, Human Kinetics Publishers. 203-208.

Hawley, J.A. and Williams, M.M. (1991) Relationship between upper body anaerobic power and freestyle swimming performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine 12, 1-5.

Helgerud, J., Høydal, K., Wang, E., Karlsen, T., Berg, P., Bjerkaas, M., Simonsen, T., Helgesen, C., Hjorth, N., Bach, R. and Hoff, J. (2007) Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve VO2max more than moderate training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 39, 665-671.

Hoff, J., Gran, A. and Helgerud, J. (2002a) Maximal strength training improves aerobic endurance performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 12, 288-295.

Hoff, J., Wisløff, U., Engen, L.C., Kemi, O.J. and Helgerud, J. (2002b) Soccer specific aerobic endurance training. British Journal of Sports Medicine 36, 218-221.

Houston, M.E., Wilson, D.M., Green, H.J., Thomson, J.A. and Ranney, D.A. (1981) Physiological and muscle enzyme adaptations to two different intensities of swim training. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 46, 283-291.

Kirwan, J.P., Costill, D.L., Flynn, M.G., Mitchell, J.B., Fink, W.J., Neufer, P.D. and Houmard, J.A. (1988) Physiological responses to successive days of intense training in competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 20, 255-259.

Kjendlie, P.L., Ingjer, F., Madsen, Ø., Stallman, R.K. and Stray-Gundersen, J. (2004a) Differences in the energy cost between children and adults during front crawl swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology 91, 473-480.

Kjendlie, P.L., Ingjer, F., Stallman, R.K. and Stray-Gundersen, J. (2004b) Factors affecting swimming economy in children and adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology 93, 65-74.

Kjendlie, P.L., Stallman, R.K. and Stray-Gundersen, J. (2003) Influences of a breathing valve on swimming technique. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming IX. Ed: Chatard, J. C. Saint-Etienne, University of Saint-Etienne. 69-73.

Kjendlie, P.L. and Thorsvald, K. (2006) A tethered swimming power test is highly reliable. Portuguese Journal of Sports Science 6(supl 1), 91-92.

Konstantaki, M., Winter, E.M. and Swaine, I.L. (1999) The effects of arms- or legs-only training on indices of swimming performance and dry-land endurance in swimmers. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VIII. Eds: Keskinen, K. L., Komi, P. V. and Hollander, A.P. Jyväskylä, University of Jyväskylä. 391-395.

Magel, J.R. and Faulkner, J.A. (1967) Maximum oxygen uptakes of college swimmers. Journal of Applied Physiology 22, 929-933.

Magel, J.R., Foglia, G.F., McArdle, W.D., Gutin, B., Pechar, G.S. and Katch, F.I. (1975) Specificity of swim training on maximum oxygen uptake. Journal of Applied Physiology 38, 151-155.

Medbø, J.I., Mamen, A., Welde, B., von Heimburg, E. and Stokke, R. (2002) Examination of the metamax i and ii oxygen analysers during exercise studies in the laboratory. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 62, 585-598.

Miyashita, M. and Kanehisa, H. (1983) Effects of isokinetic, isotonic and swim training on swimming performance. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming IV. Eds: Hollander, A. P., Huijing, P.A. & De Groot, G. Champaign, Illinois, Human Kinetics Publishers. 329-334.

Montpetit, R.R., Leger, L.A., Lavoie, J.M. and Cazorla, G. (1981) VO2 peak during free swimming using the backward extrapolation of the O2 recovery curve. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 47, 385-391.

O'Toole, M. (2000) Endurance training for women. In: Endurance in sport. Eds: Shephard, R.J. and Åstrand, P.O. Second edition. Cornwall, Blackwell Science. 517-530.

Pate, R.R. and Kriska, A. (1984) Physiological basis of the sex difference in cardiorespiratory endurance. Sports Medicine 1, 87-98.

Pedersen, T. and Kjendlie, P.L. (2006) The effect of the breathing action on velocity in front crawl sprinting. Portuguese Journal of Sport Science 6(supl 2), 75-77.

Petersen, S.R., Miller, G.D., Wenger, H.A. and Quinney, H.A. (1984) The acquisition of muscular strength: The influence of training velocity and initial vo2 max. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences 9, 176-180.

Rinehardt, K.F., Kraemer, R.R., Gormely, S. and Colan, S. (1991) Comparison of maximal oxygen uptakes from the tethered, the 183- and 457-meter unimpeded supramaximal freestyle swims. International Journal of Sports Medicine 12, 6-9.

Rouard, A.H., Quezel, G. and Billat, R.P. (1990) Effects of speed on emg and kinematic parameters in freestyle. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VI. Eds: Maclaren, D., Reilly, T. and Lees, A. E & FN Spon. 93-97.

Rouard, A.H., Quezel, G. and Billat, R.P. (1992) Effects of speed on emg and kinematic parameters in freestyle. In: Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VI. Eds: Maclaren, D., Reilly, T. and Lees, A. Cambridge, E & FN Spon. 93-97.

Sale, D.G. (2003) Neural adaptation to strength training. In: Strength and power in sport. Ed: Komi, P. V. Second edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. 281-314.

Sharp, R.L., Troup, J.P. and Costill, D.L. (1982) Relationship between power and sprint freestyle swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 14, 53-56.

Silva, A.J., Costa, A.M., Oliveira, P.M., Reis, V.M., Saavedra, J., Perl, J., Rouboa, A. and Marinho, D.A. (2007) The use of network technology to model swimming performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 6, 117-125.

Tanaka, H., Costill, D., Thomas, R., Fink, W.J. and Widrick, J.J. (1998) Impact of resistance training on endurance performance. A new form of cross-training? Sports Medicine 25, 191-200.

Tanaka, H., Costill, D.L., Thomas, R., Fink, W.J. and Widrick, J.J. (1993) Dry-land resistance training for competitive swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 25, 952-959.

Toussaint, H.M., Meulemans, A., de Groot, G., Hollander, A.P., Schreurs, A.W. and Vervoorn, K. (1987) Respiratory valve for oxygen uptake measurements during swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 56, 363-366.

Toussaint, H.M. and Vervoorn, K. (1990) Effects of specific high resistance training in the water on competitive swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine 11, 228-233.

Trappe, S. and Pearson D.R. (1994) Effects of weigth assisted dry-land strength training on swimming performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 8, 209-213.

Wakayoshi, K., D'Acquisto, L.J., Cappaert, J.M. and Troup, J.P. (1995) Relationship between oxygen uptake, stroke rate and swimming velocity in competitive swimming. International Journal of Sports Medicine 16, 19-23.

Wickström, G. and Bendix, T. (2000) The "Hawthorne effect"--what did the original hawthorne studies actually show? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health 26, 363-367.

Yamamoto, L.M., Lopez, R.M., Klau, J.F., Casa, D.J., Kraemer, W.J. and Maresh, C.M. (2008) The effects of resistance training on endurance distance running performance among highly trained runners: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 22, 2036-2044.

Østerås, H., Helgerud, J. and Hoff, J. (2002) Maximal strength-training effects on force-velocity and force-power relationships explain increases in aerobic performance in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology 88, 255-263.

Åstrand, P.O., Rodahl, K., Dahl, H.A. and Strømme, S.B. (2003) Textbook of work physiology, Champaign, Human Kinetics.