Table 1.  Blood hormone and metabolite concentrations during fasting on Day 4 (Baseline Diet) and Day 7 (Experimental Diet), and before and after exercise on Day 8 (Experimental Diet) during the Low-fat (LFAT) and Moderate-Fat (MFAT) Trials. Data are means (±SD).
 

LFAT Trial

MFAT Trial

  
 

Fasting

  
 

Day 4

Day 7

Day 4

Day 7

  

Ghrelin (pg·ml-1)

1044 (95)

987 (94)

1022 (94)

1029 (94)

ŧ b

PYY (pg·ml-1)

104 (8)

99 (8)

97 (8)

100 (8)

ŧ b

Glucose (mg·dl-1)

93 (6)

92 (8)

91 (7)

92 (9)

Ŧ

Insulin (uU·ml-1)

7.5 (7.5)

6.4  (3.3)

5.8 (2.5)

5.6 (1.7)

ŧ b

GH (ug·ml-1)

3.6 (4.7)

3.6 (5.5)

2.4 (4.1)

5.0 (8.2)

Ŧ
 

Exercise Following Controlled Breakfast

  
 

Day 8
Pre-Exercise

Day 8
Post-Exercise

Day 8
Pre-Exercise

Day 8
Post-Exercise

  

Ghrelin

823 (94)

976 (94)

853 (94)

972 (94)

ŧ c

PYY

146 (8)

154 (8)

131 (8)

159 (8)

ŧ c

Glucose (mg·dl-1)

83 (12)

135 (29)

85 (15)

140 (31)

ŧ c

Insulin (uU·ml-1)

16.5 (13.1)

11.4 (7.6)

14.3 (8.3)

11.9 (8.2)

ŧ

GH (ug·ml-1)

2.7 (6.0)

23.8 (16.8)

2.9 (4.2)

27.3 (17.0)

ŧ c

Lactate (mmol·l-1)

1.6 (.4)

5.7 (2.0)

1.7 (.6)

5.6 (2.1)

ŧ

PYY, peptide YY; GH, growth hormone. ŧ significant effect of time (p < 0.0001); b significant difference day 7 (fasting state) vs. day 8 pre-exercise (fed state) (adjusted p < 0.05); csignificant difference day 8 pre-exercise vs. post-exercise (adjusted p > 0.05). There was no significant influence of diet (p > 0.10, diet*time and time effect) for any hormones of metabolites.