REFERENCES

American College of Sports Medicine. (1998) ACSM’s resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 3rd edition. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Md. 134, 306.

Astorino, T.A., Rohmann, R.L. and Firth, K. (2008) Effect of caffeine ingestion on one-repetition maximal muscular strength. European Journal of Applied Physiology 102, 127-132.

Beaven, C.M., Hopkins, W.G., Hansen, K.T., Wood, M.R., Cronin, J.B. and Lowe, T.E. (2008) Dose effect of caffeine on testosterone and cortisol responses to resistance exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 18, 131-141.

Baechle, T.R. and Earle, R.W. (2000) Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 2nd edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Bird, S.P., Tarpenning, K.M. and Marino, F.E. (2006) Effects of liquid carbohydrate/essential amino acid ingestion on acute hormonal response during a single bout of resistance exercise in untrained men. Nutrition 22, 367-375.

Beck, T.W., Housh, T.J., Schmidt, R.J., Johnson, G.O., Housh, D.J., Coburn, J.W. and Malek, M.H. (2006) The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20(3), 506-510.

Bell, D.G. and McClellan, T.M. (2002) Exercise endurance 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion in caffeine users and nonusers. Journal of Applied Physiology 9, 1227–1234.

Bell, D.G. and McClellan, T.M. (2003) Effect of repeated caffeine ingestion on repeated exhaustive exercise endurance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 35(8), 1348-1354.

Blackard, W.G., Hull, E.W. and Lopeza, A. (1971) Effect of lipids on growth hormone secretion in humans. Journal of Clinical Investigation 50, 1439-1443.

Bloomer, R.J., Sforzo, G.A. and Keller, B.A. (2000) Effects of meal form and composition on plasma testosterone, cortisol, and insulin following resistance exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 10, 415-424.

Chandler, R.M., Byrne, H.K., Paterson, J.G. and Ivy, J.L. (1994) Dietary supplements affect the anabolic hormones after weight training exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 76, 839-845.

Costill, D.L., Dalsky, G.P. and Fink, W.J. (1978) Effects of caffeine ingestion on metabolism and exercise performance. Medicine Science in Sports 10, 155-158.

Dill, D.B. and Costill, D.L. (1974) Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology 37, 247-248.

Essig, D., Costill, D. and Van Handel, P. (1980) Effects of caffeine ingestion on utilization of muscle glycogen and lipid during leg ergometer cycling. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1, 86-90.

Fineberg, E.S., Horland, A.A. and Merimee, T.J. (1972) Free fatty acid concentrations and growth hormone secretion in man. Metabolism 21, 491-498.

Florini, J.R. (1987) Hormonal control of muscle growth. Muscle Nerve 10, 577-598.

Florini, J.R., Ewton, D.Z. and Coolican, S.A. (1996) Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis. Endocrine Reviews 17, 481-517.

Fryburg, D.A., Gelfand, R.A. and Barrett, E.J. (1991) Growth hormone acutely stimulates forearm muscle protein synthesis in normal humans. American Journal of Physiology 260, 499-504.

Frystyk, J., Grofte, T., Skjaerbaek, C. and Orskov, H. (1997) The effect of oral glucose on serum free insulin-like growth factor-I and –II in health adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82, 3124-3127.

Gliottoni, R.C., Meyers, J.R., Arngrimsson, S.A., Broglio, S.P. and Motl, R.W. (2009) Effect of caffeine on quadriceps muscle pain during acute cycling exercise in low versus high caffeine consumers. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 19, 150-161.

Goto, K., Higashiyama, M., Ishii, N. and Takamatsu, K. (2005) Prior endurance exercise attenuates growth hormone response to subsequent resistance exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology 94, 333-338.

Goto, K., Ishii, N., Kurokawa, K. and Takamatsu, K. (2007) Attenuated Growth Hormone Response to Resistance Exercise with Prior Sprint Exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 39(1), 108-115.

Graham, T.E. and Spriet, L.L. (1995) Metabolic, catecholamine, and exercise performance responses to various doses of caffeine. Journal of Applied Physiology 78, 867-874.

Graham, T.E. (2001) Caffeine and exercise: Metabolism, endurance and performance. Sports Medicine 31(11), 785-807.

Griggs, R.C., Kingston, W., Jozefowicz, R.F., Herr, B.E., Forbes, G. and Halliday. D. (1989) Effect of testosterone on muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis. Journal of Applied Physiology 66, 498 -503.

Hakkinen, K. and Pakarinen, A. (1993) Acute hormonal responses to two different fatiguing heavy-resistance protocols in male athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology 74, 882-887.

Hjalmarsen, A., Aasebo, U., Aakvaag, A. and Jorde, R. (1996) Sex hormone responses in healthy men and male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during an oral glucose load. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation 56, 635-640.

Hymer, W.C., Kraemer, W.J., Nindl, B.C., Marx, J.O., Benson, D.E., Welsch, J.R., Mazzetti, S.A., Volek, J.S. and Deaver, D,R. (2001) Characteristics of circulating growth hormone in women after acute heavy resistance exercise. American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism 281, E878-887.

Imaki, T., Shibasaki, T., Masuda, A., Hotta, M., Yamauchi, N., Demura, H., Shizume, K., Wakabayashi, I. and Ling, N. (1986) The effect of glucose and free fatty acids on growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor-mediated GH secretion in rats. Endocrinology 118, 2390–2394.

Ivy, J., Costill, D., Fink, W. and Lower, R. (1979) Influence of caffeine and carbohydrate feedings on endurance performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 11, 6-11.

Kazarian, V.A., Shchelkunov, A.V. and Rapoport, E.A. (1983) Effect of hydrocortisone on protein metabolism in skeletal muscles. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova 83, 1654–1659. (In Russian, English abstract).

Kimball, S.R. and Jefferson, L.S. (1988) Cellular mechanisms involved in the action of insulin on protein synthesis. Diabetes Metabolism Review 4, 773–787.

Kraemer, W.J., Fleck, S.J. and Dziados, J.E., Harman, E.A., Marchitelli, L.J., Gordon, S.E., Mello, R., Frykman, P.N., Koziris, L.P. and Triplett, N.T. (1993) Changes in hormonal concentrations after different heavy-resistance exercise protocols in women. Journal of Applied Physiology 75, 594-604.

Kraemer, W.J., Volek, J.S., Bush, J.A., Putukian, M. and Sebastianelli, W.J. (1998) Hormonal responses to consecutive days of heavy-resistance exercise with or without nutritional supplementation. Journal of Applied Physiology 85, 1544-1555.

Kraemer, W.J., Rubin, M.R., Hakkinen, K., Nindl, B.C., Marx, J.O., Volek, J.S., French, D.N., Gómez, A.L., Sharman, M.J., Scheett, T., Ratamess, N.A., Miles, M.P., Mastro, A., VanHeest, J., Maresh, C.M., Welsch, J.R. and Hymer, W.C. (2003) Influence of muscle strength and total work on exercise-induced plasma growth hormone isoforms in women. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 6, 295-306

Kraemer, W.J. and Ratamess, N.A. (2005) Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Medicine 35(4), 339-361.

Lanfranco, F., Giordano, R., Pellegrino, M., Gianotti. L., Ramunni, J., Picu, A., Baldi, M., Ghigo, E. and Arvat, E. (2004) Free fatty acids exert an inhibitory effect on adrenocorticotropin and cortisol secretion in humans. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89, 1385–1390.

Lanzi, R., Losa, M., Mignogna, G., Caumo, A. and Pontirol, A.E. (1999) The control on growth hormone release by free fatty acids is maintained in acromegaly. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84, 1234-1238.

Lovallo, W.R., Farag, N.H., Vincent, A.S., Thomas, T.L. and Wilson, M.F. (2006) Cortisol responses to mental stress, exercise, and meals following caffeine intake in men and women. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 83(3), 441-447.

Maridakis, V., O’Connor, P.J., Dudley, G.A. and McCully, K.K. (2007) Caffeine attenuates delayed-onset muscle pain and force loss following eccentric exercise. The Journal of Pain 8(3), 237-243.

Meikle, A.W., Benson, S.J., Liu, X.H., Boam, W.D. and Stringham, J.D. (1989) Nonesterified fatty acids modulate steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells. American Journal of Physiology 257, E937-E942.

Motl, R.W., O’Connor, P.J., Tubandt, L., Puetz, T. and Ely, M.R. (2006) Effect of caffeine on leg muscle pain during cycling exercise among females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 38(3), 598-604.

Motl, R.W., O’Connor, P.J. and Dishman, R.K. (2003) Effect of caffeine on perceptions of leg muscle pain during moderate intensity cycling exercise. The Journal of Pain 4(6), 316-321.

Murai, J.T., Mendel, C.M. and Siiteri, P.K. (1991) Free fatty acids do not influence the concentrations of free steroid hormones in serum under physiological conditions. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism 72, 137-139.

Nakagawa, E., Nagaya, N., Okumura, H., Enomoto, M., Oya, H., Ono, F., Hosoda, H., Kojima, M. and Kangawa, K. (2002) Hyperglycaemia suppresses the secretion of ghrelin, a novel growth-hormone releasing peptide: responses to the intravenous and oral administration of glucose. Clinical Sciences 103, 325-328.

O’Connor, P.J., Motl, R.W., Broglio, S.P. and Ely, M.R. (2004) Dose-dependent effect of caffeine on reducing leg muscle pain during cycling exercise is unrelated to systolic blood pressure. Pain 109, 291-298.

Pollard, I. (1988) Increases in plasma concentrations of steroids in the rat after the administration of caffeine: comparison with plasma disposition of caffeine. The Journal of Endocrinology 119, 275-280.

Ratamess, N.A., Hoffman, J.R., Ross, R., Shanklin, M., Faigenbaum, A.D. and Kang, J. (2007) Effects of an amino acid/creatine energy supplement on the acute hormonal response to resistance exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 17, 608-623.

Spindel, E., Arnold, M., Cusack, B. and Wurtman, R.J. (1980) Effects of caffeine on anterior pituitary and thyroid function in the rat. Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 214, 58-62.

Tarpenning, K.M., Wiswell, R.A. and Hawkins, S.A. (2003) CHO-induced blunting of cortisol response to weightlifting exercise in resistance-trained older men. European Journal of Sport Science 3, 1-10.

Trice, I. and Haymes, E.M. (1995) Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise-induced changes during high-intensity, intermittent exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition 5, 37-44.

Van Dam, P.S., Smid, H.E., de Vries, W.R., Niesink, M., Bolscher, E., Waasdorp, E.J., Dieguez, C., Casanueva, F.F. and Koppeschaar, H.P. (2000) Reduction of free fatty acids by acipimox enhances the growth hormone (GH) responses to GH-releasing peptide 2 in elderly men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 85, 4706-4711.

Van Loon, L.J.C., Kruijshoop, M., Menheere, P.P., Wagenmakers, J.M., Saris, W.H.M. and Keizer, H.A. (2003) Amino acid ingestion strongly enhances insulin secretion in patients with long-term type2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26, 625-630.

Volek, J.S. (2004) Influence of nutrition on responses to resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 36(4), 689-696.

Williams, A.G., Ismail, A.N., Sharma, A.A. and Jones, D.A. (2002) Effects of resistance exercise volume and nutritional supplementation on anabolic and catabolic hormones. European Journal of Applied Physiology 86, 315-321.

Woolf, K., Bidwell, W.K. and Carlson, A.G. (2008) The effect of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in anaerobic exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 18, 412-429.