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JOURNAL
OF
SPORTS SCIENCE &
MEDICINE
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Research
article
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CELL DAMAGE, ANTIOXIDANT STATUS, AND CORTISOL LEVELS RELATED TO NUTRITION IN SKI MOUNTAINEERING DURING A TWO-DAY RACE |
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Elena Diaz2, Fatima Ruiz2, Itziar Hoyos3, Jaime Zubero2, Leyre Gravina3, Javier Gil2, Jon Irazusta2 and Susana Maria Gil1  |
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1Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, University of the Basque Country, 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, 3Department of Nursing I, School of Nursing, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Spain |
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© Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2010) 9, 338 - 346 |
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| ABSTRACT | |||
| The aim of this study was to measure the effect of nutrition on
cell damage, antioxidant enzymes, and cortisol during a two-day ski mountaineering
competition. Twenty-one male skiers participated in the study. Creatine
kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase
(ALT), ?-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline
phosphatase (AP), cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP), glutathione peroxidase
(GPx) and reductase activities (GR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels,
total antioxidant status, and cortisol levels were measured in serum the
day before and immediately after the race. Their diet was also analysed
during the competition. Enzymes and cortisol levels significantly increased
after the competition. CK and LDH and cortisol levels were negatively correlated
to total energy, protein, and fat intake. Intake of vitamin A, B1, B2, B6
and niacin was negatively correlated to LDH and AP. A negative correlation
was also found between CK activity and Na, Fe, and Zn intake. Cortisol levels
were negatively correlated to the intake of vitamins C, B1 and B2, and niacin.
A positive correlation was found between serum GPx and intake of energy,
carbohydrates, proteins, A and B vitamins, and folic acid. Skiers with the
lowest nutrient intake during the competition were the ones who showed greater
cell damage and lower antioxidant enzyme activity and cortisol levels, which
may impair performance and also cause injuries and accidents. Particularly,
skiers should have high intakes of total energy, macronutrients, vitamins
A and B, Na, Zn, and Fe in order to decrease the deleterious effect of strenuous
exercise.
Key words: Energy intake, micronutrients, muscle damage, antioxidant enzymes, skiing. |
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