Table 3.  Coaches’ knowledge sources according to their academic education level.
Sources of Coaching Knowledge
Academic Education Level
Mean
Std.Deviation
Personal and Athlete Background
     
Personal knowledge

Below Higher Education

3.28

.07

 

Higher Education in P.E./S

3.45

.06

Personal Experience as athlete

Below Higher Education

3.41

.07

 

Higher Education in P.E./S.

3.18

.07

Education background

Below Education in P.E./S
Higher Education in P.E./S

2.87
3.65

.05

.06

Practice Level as athlete

Below Higher Education

3.04

.05

 

Higher Education in P.E./S.

2.73

.07

Learning Situations
     

Working with expert coaches

Below Higher Education

3.06

.09

 

Higher Education in P.E./S.

3.68

.07

Learning by doing

Below Higher Education

3.16

.06

 

Higher Education in P.E./S.

3.54

.05

Attending Seminars/Clinics outside the formal systems

Below Higher Education

3.17

.08

Higher Education in P.E./S

3.54

.05

Interaction  with peer coaches

Below Higher Education

3.36

.07

 

Higher Education in P.E./S

3.28

.06

Reading books/magazines and watching
videos of coaching education
National Coaching Certification Programs

Below Higher Education

3.02

.08

Higher Education in P.E./S

3.35

.06

Below Higher Education

3.08

.08

Higher Education in P.E./S.

2.96

.07

Information in Internet

Below Higher Education

2.89

.08

 

Higher Education in P.E./S

2.69

.08

NOTE. Higher Education in P.E./S -Higher Education degree in Physical Education and Sport.