Table 4.  Bilaterally averaged values for isokinetic peak torque (Nm) and reciprocal strength ratios and ANOVA results for the differences between the three PTA groups in professional soccer players (N=100).
   

Type of
contraction
(testing
speed)

Professional Training Age (PTA)

ANOVA
(linear)

ANOVA (quadratic)

ANOVA
(omnibus)

   

5-7 years (N=34)

8-10 years (N=30)

≥ 11 years (N=36)

F

p

F

p

F

p

Knee

Extension

Con  60

231.35

247.85

237.65

.67

.20

3.25

.04

3.16

.04

 

Con 180

162.9

172.8

168.2

.92

.16

1.95

.08

1.41

.12

Con 300

132.45

137.2

135.9

.66

.20

.60

.22

.75

.23

Ecc  60

304.45

319.25

311.65

.29

.29

.86

.17

.57

.28

Ecc 180

283.75

300.7

293.7

.60

.21

1.02

.15

.80

.22

Flexion

Con 60

129.5

140.5

139.1

3.27

.04

1.85

.08

2.53

.04

 

Con 180

99.35

107.95

106.15

3.21

.04

2.28

.06

2.71

.03

Con 300

89.5

98.4

94.25

1.80

.09

2.20

.07

1.44

.12

Ecc 60

183.3

190.95

201.3

3.77

.02

.18

.33

1.96

.07

Ecc 180

179.35

188.45

194.05

3.16

.03

.06

.40

1.61

.10

Ankle

Dorsal
flexion

Con 60

23.05

24.555

22.4

.32

.28

3.13

.04

1.74

.09

Ecc 60

49.65

50.55

48.45

.30

.29

.80

.18

.56

.28

Plantar
Flexion

Con 60

109.8

120.7

119.9

3.87

.02

1.17

.14

2.49

.04

Ecc 60

209.3

216.15

210

.00

.49

.52

.23

.26

.38

Knee  Strength Ratios

Conv. ratio

60 deg/sec

.555

.570

.585

2.04

.07

.00

.48

1.02

.18

180 deg/sec

.605

.625

.630

1.52

.11

.20

.32

.86

.21

300 deg/sec

.675

.705

.695

.77

.19

1.19

.13

.96

.19

Funct. ratio

60 deg/sec

.790

.800

.855

2.77

.05

.62

.21

1.69

.09

180 deg/sec

1.100

1.095

1.155

1.60

.10

.55

.22

1.09

.16

Con = Concentric, Ecc = Eccentric, Conv = Conventional concentric knee ratio (Concentric Knee Flexion/Concentric Knee Extension), Funct = Functional knee ratio (Eccentric Knee Flexion/ Concentric Knee Extension).