Table 1.  Anthropometrical, physiological and biomechanical parameters and their correlate with 100-m front crawl swimming performance in adolescent swimmers (n = 25). Data are means (± standard deviations, SD), minimal and maximal values, and partial correlation coefficients (rp) with age as control variable.

Variable

Mean (SD)

min

max

  Partial correlation
with 100-m time (rp)

Body height (cm)

1.76 (.09)

1.52

1.89

- .536 *

Body mass, BM (kg)

63.3 (10.9)

45.0

89.0

-.480

Body mass index, BMI (kg·m-2)

20.2 (2.2)

15.6

24.9

-.247

Body fat (%)

12.8 (3.3)

7.5

18.4

.061

Total body fat mass, (kg)

8.0 (2.2)

4.1

11.6

-.174

Fat-free mass, (kg)

54.7 (9.6)

39.0

77.4

-.506

Bone mass, (kg)

2.7 (.6)

1.60

3.84

-.543 *

Total bone mineral density, (g·cm-2)

1.12 (.10)

.95

1.33

-.462

Spine bone mineral density, (g·cm-2)

1.06 (.15)

.79

1.28

-.516 *

Arm span (cm)

182.8 (11.5)

152.5

200.5

-.557 *

Velocity, vs (m·s-2)

1.34 (.14)

1.01

1.57

-.938 *

Stroke length, SL (m·cycle-1)

1.00 (.09)

.84

1.22

-.506

Stroke rate, SR (cycle·min)

40.2 (2.9)

35.0

46.0

-.785 *

Stroke index, SI (m2·sec-1·cycle-1)

1.35 (.24)

.85

1.83

-.643 *1

VO2peak (L·min-1)

3.51 (.82)

2.31

5.72

-.398

VO2peak (ml·min-1·kg-1)

55.2 (5.9)

44.4

70.6

-.017

ΔVO2 (L·min-1)

3.02 (.79)

1.86

5.31

-.322

La3 (mmol·L-1)

6.40 (2.81)

2.64

14.20

-.525 *

La5 (mmol·L-1)

6.58 (3.03)

2.65

14.20

-.574 *

Blood lactate accumulation, La (mmol·L-1)

4.9 (3.0)

0.61

12.6

-.598 *

Energy cost of swimming, Cs (kJ·m-1)

3.99 (1.78)

1.31

8.50

-.544 *

Tanner sexual maturation stage (1-5)

3.9 (1.02)

2

5

-.285

* Statistically significant correlation (p ≤ .05); 1 controlled also for swimming velocity