Appendix A

 
Physical Fitness Testing Methods
 

The test consists of standing long jump, continuous jumping with both feet, tennis throwing, 10 m×2 shuttle run, sit-andreach, walking the balance beam.

Standing long jump
A soft surface was used for the test. During the test, participants stood with their feet naturally apart behind the starting line, then swung their arms and jumped forward as far as possible by pushing off the ground with both feet. The measurement was taken as the straight-line distance from the starting line to the nearest heel of the feet.

Continuous jumping with both feet
The test was conducted using a tape measure and a stopwatch. On a flat surface, ten horizontal lines were drawn at 0.5- meter intervals, with a soft block (10 cm long, 5 cm wide, 5 cm high) placed across each line. A starting line was set 20 cm from the first soft block. During the test, participants stood with their feet together behind the starting line. Upon hearing the "start" command, they jumped forward with both feet simultaneously, hopping over one soft block at a time (either in one jump or two jumps), and continued jumping over all ten blocks. The tester started the stopwatch when the participant began, and stopped it when the participant's feet landed after jumping over the tenth soft block.

Tennis throwing
The test was conducted using a tennis ball and a tape measure. During the test, participants faced the throwing direction with their feet positioned one in front of the other, standing about one step behind the throwing line. They held the ball in one hand, raised it above their head, and threw it forward as far as possible. When releasing the ball, the back foot could step forward, but it could not touch or cross the throwing line. The effective result was the straight-line distance from the throwing line to the point where the ball landed.

10 m×2 shuttle run
The test was conducted using a stopwatch. Each lane had a turnaround line 10 meters from the starting line, marked by a cone. During the test, participants formed pairs and assumed a standing start position at the starting line. Upon hearing the command "go," they sprinted toward the turnaround line with maximum effort, and the tester started the stopwatch as the participants began. When participants reached the turnaround line, they touched the cone with their hand, then turned around and ran back to the starting line. The stopwatch was stopped when their chest crossed the vertical plane of the starting line.

Sit-and-reach
The sit-and-reach test was conducted using a sit-and-reach box. During the test, participants sat on a mat with their legs extended straight, heels together, and toes naturally apart, with the soles of their feet flat against the testing apparatus. Then, with palms facing downward and arms extended forward, they bent their upper body forward and used the fingertips of their middle fingers to push the slider smoothly forward until it could not be moved further.

Walking the balance beam
The test was conducted using a balance beam (3 meters long, 10 cm wide, and 30 cm high), with a starting line and an ending line at each end of the beam, and an additional platform (20 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 30 cm high) placed outside each end of the beam. During the test, participants stood on the platform facing the balance beam with their arms extended sideways. Upon hearing the "start" command, they moved forward across the beam. The tester started the stopwatch when the participant began and stopped it when any part of the participant's foot crossed the ending line.