Supplementary Materials

 
Supplementary Table S3. Characteristics of included studies.
Study No. of participants Sex Age (years) Sport Training status Method W/F/T Stimuli Outcomes
Serpell et al. 2011 EG = 7CG = 7 Male 18-20 Rugby International level RCOD training program using sport-specific video based stimuli 3/2/15 visual RCOD
Chaouachi et al. 2014 EG = 12CG = 12 Male 14.2 ± 0.9 Soccer International level SSG using formats like 1 vs. 1, 2 vs. 2, and 3 vs. 3. 6/3/30 human RCOD; RCOD with ball
Young & Rogers 2014 EG = 13CG = 12 Male 17.4 ± 0.7 AFL International level SSG using 4 v 4 or 2 v 2 games on 20 × 23 m or 15 × 15 m fields 7/2/15 human RCOD
Born et al. 2016 EG = 10CG = 9 Male 14 ± 0.6 Soccer National level COD drills performed in response to a visual stimulus on the Speedcourt. 3/6/12 visual RCOD
Chaalali et al. 2016 EG = 11CG = 10 Male 14.5±0.9 Soccer International level COD training with human stimuli 6/5/25 human RCOD; RCOD with ball
Engelbrecht et al. 2016 EG = 10; 9CG = 7; 7 Male 19-23 Rugby Developmental Coach command drills, pairs working together, mirror drills, evasion drills, and small-sided games. 6/2/30 human RCOD
Trecroci et al. 2016 EG = 20CG = 15 NA 10.57 ± 0.26 Soccer Developmental SAQ training program 12/2/25 visual RCOD
Zago et al. 2016 EG = 10CG = 10 Male 11.5 ±0.27 Soccer Developmental Structured SSGs on artificial constraints using tapes (14x12 meter matrix) 22/2.5/15 human LSPT
Vogt et al. 2018 EG = 11CG = 11 Male 13.5 ± 1.0 Soccer National level A football-specific course involving dribbling, passing, jumping,and sprinting in Footbonaut 1/1/28 visual- auditory RT; Passing Accuracy
Zouhal et al. 2019 EG = 10CG = 10 Male 17.25 ± 0.72 Soccer International level RCOD training program using human stimuli 6/2/30 human RCOD
Dunton et al. 2020 EG = 10CG = 10 NA 19.3 ± 2.3 Soccer Developmental Soccer passing task using spatial occlusion goggles 2/2/60 visual Passing error; reaction time
Hicheur et al. 2020 EG = 9CG = 9 Male 14.5 ± 0.52 Soccer International level Soccer passing training using visually moving target visuoauditory feedback after each pass, provided only to the AF group 3/3/NA visual; visual- auditory Passing time
Arede et al. 2021 EG = 11CG = 11 Mix 13.8 ± 1.7 Soccer/ Basketball/Handball Developmental BATAK PRO training program using visual cues 12/2/20 visual RCOD;PAT
Ehmann et al. 2022 EG = 14CG = 13 Mix 12.3 ± 0.7 Soccer Developmental Passing training in Footbonaut with illuminated ball machine and target field 5/2/20 visual-auditory Passing score; Passing accuracy; RT
Hassan et al. 2022 EG = 10CG = 10 NA 14.7 ± 0.73 Basketball Developmental RCOD training using FITLIGHT system 8/4/45 visual RCOD; RCOD with ball; RT
Bekris et al. 2023 EG = 10CG = 10 Male 11.55 ± 0.49 Soccer Developmental Dribbling exercises with COD under coaches' visual cues 8/3/30 visual RCOD with ball
Gonzalo-Skok et al. 2023 EG = 11CG = 7 Male 15.5 ± 0.8 Soccer Developmental Unilateral flywheel training with random, unanticipated, and unexpected executions of multidirectional movements 10/1/30 visual- auditory RCOD; PAT
Gonzalo-Skok et al. 2023 EG = 11CG = 7 Male 15.5 ± 0.8 Soccer Developmental Unilateral flywheel training with random, unanticipated, and unexpected executions of multidirectional movements 10/1/30 visual-auditory RCOD; PAT
Lucia et al. 2023 EG = 15CG = 15 Mix 15-17 Basketball National level Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Training (CMDT) integrated into Multicomponent Training (MCT) 5/2/30 visual-auditory RCOD
Zwierko et al. 2023 EG = 25CG = 25 Mix 16.5 ± 0.6 Volleyball National level Stroboscopic eyewear during volleyball-specific training tasks 6/3/30 visual RCOD; RT
Friebe et al. 2024 EG = 15CG = 14 Male 27±6 Soccer Developmental Agility with integrated multiple-object tracking training: Using SKILLCOURT system 6/2/40 visual-auditory RCOD; RCOD with ball; LSPT
Lee et al. 2024 EG = 9CG = 10 Female 18.89 ± 0.80 Soccer Developmental Technical and tactical (dribbling and SSG) training using human stimuli 8/3/40 human RCOD; PAT
Lucia et al. 2024 EG = 15CG = 15 Mix 16.1 ± 1.1 Basketabll National level Dual-task training (CMDT) integrated into 30-minute physical training sessions. 5/6/30 visual;visual-auditory RCOD
Mancini et al. 2024 EG = 12CG = 12 Female 20.35 ± 1.03 Volleyball National level Choosing signals with ReactionX technological system with up to eight wireless LED lights. 6/6/30 visual Tapping with stimuli; RT
Steff et al. 2024 EG = 18;17CG = 18;17 Male 14-16 Basketball National level Using FITLIGHT system during technical and tactical training (including positioning and COD) 18/3/60 visual RCOD; RCOD with ball; PAT; PAT with ball
Zwierko et al., 2024 (a EG = 25CG = 25 Mix 16.5 ± 0.6 Volleyball National level Use of stroboscopic glasses (Senaptec Strobe) during volleyball-specific training exercises. 6/3/30 visual RCOD; PAT; RT
Zwierko et al., 2024 (b EG = 11CG = 11 Male 23.6 ± 4.4 Soccer Developmental Stroboscopic eyewear during the ball-specific phase of soccer warm-up 1/1/20 visual RCOD; RCOD with ball
Klatt et al. 2025 EG = 11CG = 11 Male 10.98 ± 0.26 Soccer Developmental Soccer-specific training sessions using peripheral color cues to develop and practice perceptual-cognitive skills. 6/4/20 visual RCOD; RCOD with ball
Neag et al. 2025 EG = 16CG = 15 Male 10.76 ± 0.42 Soccer Developmental Fixed-Role Small-Sided Games (FRSSGs) 18/3/20 human RCOD; RCOD with ball; PAT; PAT with ball; RT
W: Weeks; F: Frequency; T: Session time; EG: Experimental Group; CG: Control Group; RCOD: Reactive Change-of-direction; COD: Change-of-direction; SSG: Small-sided Game; SAQ: Speed Agility and Quickness; AFL: Australian Football League; LSPT: Loughborough Soccer Passing Test; PAT: Pre-planned Agility Test; RT: Reaction Test