Table 1. Reduced Spanish version of the Participation Motivation Questionnaire.

Authors	Year	Instrument	Dimensions
Gill Gross and Huddleston	1983	Participation of Motives Questionnaire (PMQ) or Participation Motivation Inventory (PMI)	Achievement/status, team atmosphere, fitness, energy release, skill development, friendship and fun.
Gavin	1992	Fitness Incentives Quizzes	Body motives, social motives and psychological motives
Dwyer	1992	Revised version of PMQ	Team orientation, achievement/status, fitness, friendship, skill development, and fun/excitement/challenge
Frederick and Ryan	1993	Motivation for Physical Activities Measure (MPAM)	Body motives, competence and fun
Markland and Hardy	1993	Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI)	Body image and weight, fun and wellness, prevention and positive health, competition, affiliation, muscular resistance and strength, social status, stress control, flexibility and agility, challenge, and health emergencies
Markland and Ingledew	1997	EMI-2
Marsh	1996	Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ)	Physical appearance, muscular strength, resistance, flexibility, health, adherence, overweight, skills and self-esteem
Ryan et al.	1997	Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised (MPAM-R)	Health, appearance, motor competence and learn new skills, social, and fun/intrinsic motivation
Telama et al.	2002	-	Well-being motives, competition motives, appearance motives and social motives
Morris and Rogers	2004	Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS)	Mastery, enjoyment, psychological condition, physical condition, appearance, others’ expectations, affiliation and competition/ego