Table 1. Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review.
Study Country Programming variables N No. of
cases		 Participant characteristics Types of sports Exercise test
and outcomes measured
Dur.
(weeks)		 Freq.
(per
week)		 Total
Sessions
(n)		 Mean
session
duration
(min)		 Intensity No. of
Sets		 Rep.
(n)		 Rest
between sets
(s/min)		 Age
(years)		 Height
(cm)		 Weight
(kg)		 BMI
(kg/m2)
Plyometric training
Rubley et al. (2011) USA 12 1 12 NR L 1-4 5-20 NR 16 1.PT: 10 2.CG: 6 13.4 (±.5) 162.5
(±5.67)		 50.84
(±5.1)		 NR Soccer VJ
(height, cm)
Ozbar et al. (2014) Turkey 8 1 8 60 min L to H 4-5 5-15 3-5min 18 1.PT: 9
2.CG: 9		 1.PT: 18.3 (±2.6)
2.CG: 18.0 (±2.0)		 1.PT: 163.1
(± 5.3)
2.CG: 159.4 (±5.1)		 1.PT: 58.8 (±7.8)
2.CG: 54.4 (±6.1)		 BMI:
1.PT: 22.1 (±2.7)
2.CG: 21.4 (±2.8)		 Soccer CMJ
(height, cm);
20 m sprint
(time, s)
Idriss et al. (2022) Algeria 10 3 30 15±3 min M to H NR NR NR 22 1.PT: 11
2.CG: 11		 1.PT: 15.16
(± 0.93)
2.CG: 15.08 (±0.19)		 1.PT: 153.0 (±6.47)
2.CG: 151.5 (±5.57)		 1.PT: 50.33 (±6.11)
2.CG: 49.66 (±6.02)		 NR Football SJ, CMJ (height, cm)
Meszler & Váczi (2019) Hungary 7 2 14 20 min H 2-6 4-10 2 min 18 1.PT: 9
2.CG: 9		 1.PT: 15.8 (±1.2)
2.CG: 15.7 (±1.3)		 1.PT: 176.4 (± 8.6)
2.CG: 177.5 (±7.4)		 1.PT: 63.5
(±8.6)
2.CG: 66.1 (±8.9)		 NR Basketball T-sprint test,
Illinois agility test (time, s);
CMJ
Cengizhan (2015) Turkey 6 3 18 120 min NR 3 NR NR 20 1.PT: 10
2.CG: 10		 1.PT: 14.8 (±1.14)
2.CG: 14.9 (±0.99)		 1.PT: 161.2 (±5.07)
2.CG: 164.6 (±7.77)		 1.PT: 54.3 (±8.64)
2.CG: 59.7
(± 15.83)		 1.PT: 20.86 (±2.88)
2.CG: 21.79 (±4.32)		 Basketball Illinois, hexagon and, T test agility test(time, s);
20 m, 30 m sprint(time, s)
Attene et al. (2015) Italy 6 2 12 at least 20 minutes NR 2-3 6-10 1 min 36 1.PT: 18
2.CG: 18		 1.PT: 14.83
(±.92)
2.CG: 15.20(±.92)		 1.PT: 163.0
(± 8.62)
2.CG: 165.0 (±5.70)		 1.PT: 51.89 (±9.69)
2.CG: 57.50 (±5.70)		 1.PT: 19.35
(±2.16)
2.CG: 21.12 (±2.83)		 Basketball CMJ and SJ(height, cm)
Paes et al. (2022) Brazil 6 2 12 30-60 min NR 1-6 5-15 30 s 21 1.PT: 11
2.CG: 10		 1.PT: 14.45 (±.69)
2.CG: 15.30 (±1.16)		 1.PT: 160.0
(±7.0)
2.CG: 163.0
(±8.0)		 1.PT: 53.72 (±9.01)
2.CG: 59.98 (±16.74)		 NR Basketball 20 m sprint
(time, s);
Illinois agility test(time, s)
Haghighi et al. (2024) Iran 6 2 12 NR NR 2-4 4-8 NR 16 1.PT: 8
2.CG: 8		 1.PT: 14.6
(±1.5)
2.CG: 15.1(±1.8)		 1.PT: 168.3 (±8.7
2.CG: 165.8
(±9.7)		 1.PT: 61.7 (±10.3)
2.CG: 56.7 (±13.6)		 1.PT: 21.9
(±3.9)
2.CG: 20.6 (±5.6)		 Basketball 20 m sprint
(time, s);
change of
direction (time, s)
Martel et al. (2005) USA 6 2 12 45 min NR 2-5 NR 30 s 19 1.PT: 10
2.CG: 9		 1.PT: 15
(±1)
2.CG: 14 (±1)		 1.PT: 167
(± 9)
2.CG: 164
(±8)		 1.PT: 64
(±13)
2.CG: 57
(±8)		 NR Volleyball VJ
(height, cm)
Idrizovic et al. (2018) Montenegro 12 2 24 40-60 min L to H 4-6 1-5 2-5 min 30 1.PT: 13
2.CG: 17		 16.6
(±0.6)		 173.3
(±4.2)		 59.4
(±8.1)		 NR Volleyball 20 m sprint
(time, s);
CMJ
(height, cm)
Rojano Ortega et al. (2022) Spain 7 2 14 45 min L/M 2-3 8-15 1 min 28 1.PT: 14
2.CG: 14		 1.PT: 16.07 (±1.07)
2.CG: 15.71 (±.73)		 1.PT: 166.8 (±1.89)
2.CG: 165.6 (±4.86)		 1.PT: 67.82 (±5.53)
2.CG: 61.30 (±7.23)		 NR Volleyball CMJ
(height, cm)
Turgut et al. (2016) Turkey 12 3 36 NR NR 1-3 30 s-60 s 30 s-60 s 16 1.PT: 8
2.CG: 8		 1.PT: 15.0 (±1.0)
2.CG: 14.4 (±1.3)		 1.PT: 166
(±6)
2.CG: 161
(±5)		 1.PT: 59.4
(±8.3)
2.CG: 50
(±7.8)		 BMI:
1.PT: 21.4 (±1.9)
2.CG: 19.1 (±2.0)		 Volleyball 30 m sprint
(time, s);
hexagonal
obstacle test and
zigzag test (time, s)
Hammami et al. (2020) Tunisia 10 2 20 NR NR 2-3 6 30 s 34 1.PT: 17
2.CG: 17		 1.PT: 15.8 (±.2)
2.CG: 15.8 (±.2)		 1.PT: 166
(±3)
2.CG: 167
(±4)		 1.PT: 64.2
(±3.3)
2.CG: 63.0
(±3.8)		 BF:
1.PT: 25.2 (±3.8)
2.CG: 26.0 (±3.3)		 Handball 5 m, 10m, 20 m,
30 m sprint(time, s);
modified Illinois test(time, s);
SJ, CMJ, CMJ with arms(height, cm)
Gaamouri et al. (2023a) Tunisia 10 2 20 NR NR 2-3 6 30 s 28 1.PT: 14
2.CG: 14		 1.PT: 15.7 (±.2)
2.CG: 15.8 (±.2)		 1.PT: 165
(±3)
2.CG: 167
(±3)		 1.PT: 63.8 (±3.3)
2.CG: 63.3 (±4.1)		 BF:
1.PT: 25.4 (±4.1)
2.CG: 24.6 (±1.8)		 Handball Modified agility
T-test(time, s);
SJ, CMJ
(height, cm)
Hammami et al. (2019) Tunisia 9 2 18 NR NR 10 6-8 0 s 41 1.PT: 21
2.CG: 20		 1.PT: 13.5 (±.3)
2.CG: 13.3 (±.3)		 1.PT: 142
(4)
2.CG: 143
(±4)		 1.PT: 42.6 (±4.6)
2.CG: 42.3 (±4.5)		 BF:
1.PT: 12.3 (±3.4)
2.CG: 14.7 (±3.9)		 Handball 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m sprint(time, s);
modified Illinois
test, T test(time, s);
SJ, CMJ, CMJ with arms (height, cm)
Strength training
Váczi et al. (2022) Hungary 20 1-2 30 NR NR 2-3 5-15 NR 23 1.ST:
13
2.CG:
10		 1.ST:
11.3 (±.5)
2.CG:
10.9 (±.5)		 1.ST: 150 (±6.6)
2.CG: 146.4 (±3.4)		 1.ST: 41.5
(±7.0)
2.CG: 41.1 (±5.6)		 NR Handball CMJ
(height, cm)
Hammami & Zmijewski (2024) Tunisia 10 2 20 45 min NR 3-5 12 NR 36 1.ST(1):
12
2.ST(2):
12
3.CG:
12		 1.ST(1):
16.2 (±.3)
2.ST(2):
16.2 (±.4)
3.CG:
16.3 (±.3)		 1.ST(1): 167.1 (± 3.7)
2.ST(2): 165.5 (±3.2)
3.CG:
167.6 (±3.6)		 1.ST(1):
64.3 (±4.0)
2.ST(2):
63.8 (±3.3)
3.CG:
63.5 (±4.4)		 BF:
1.ST(1):
23.3 (±1.0)
2.ST(2):
23 .0 (± 1.1)
3.CG:
23.9 (± 1.4)		 Handball 10 m, 20 m sprint(time, s);
modified
Illinois test
(time, s);
SJ, CMJ
(height, cm)
Hammami et al. (2022a) Tunisia 10 2 20 NR NR 3-5 10 30 s 26 1.ST:
13
2.CG:
13		 1.ST:
15.7 (±.2)
2.CG:
15.8 (±.2)		 1.ST: 170
(±4)
2.CG: 167
(±4)		 1.ST: 64 (±3)
2.CG: 64
(±4)		 BF:
1.ST: 25.3
(±1.7)
2.CG: 26.6
(±3.4)		 Handball 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m sprint
(time, s);
modified Illinois test (time, s);
SJ, CMJ, CMJ with arms
(height, cm).
Genc et al. (2019) Turkey 8 3 24 60 min NR 2 10-35 3 min 20 1.ST:
10
2.CG:
10		 1.ST:
17.80 (±1.4)
2.CG:
17.60 (±1.89)		 1.ST:
153.2 (±5.8)
2.CG:
166.6 (±5.8)		 1.ST: 60.03
(±7.9)
2.CG: 63.30
(±6.3)		 BMI:
1.ST: 22.07
(±1.91)
2.CG: 22.21
(±2.07)		 Handball Pro agility test, 505 agility test
(time, s);
VJ (height, cm);
10 m, 30 m sprint
(time, s).
Gaamouri et al. (2024) Tunisia 10 2 20 45 min NR 3-5 12 NR 30 1.ST:
16
2.CG:
14		 1.ST:
15.80 (±.30)
2.CG:
15.80 (±.20)		 1.ST:
167 (±3.4)
2.CG:
167 (±.3.2)		 1.ST: 64.10
(±3.50)
2.CG: 63.40
(±4.10)		 BF:
1.ST: 22.00 (±2.70)
2.CG: 22.70
(±1.90)		 Handball T test(time, s);
SJ, CMJ
(height, cm).
Gaamouri et al. (2023b) Tunisia 10 2 20 NR NR 3-5 10 30 s 34 1.ST:
17
2.CG:
17		 1.ST:
15.7 (±.2)
2.CG:
15.8 (±.2)		 1.ST:
1.69 (±4.2)
2.CG:
1.67 (±3.5)		 1.ST:
63.4 (±3.8)
2.CG:
63.0 (±3.8)		 BF:
1.ST: 21.5 (±1.8)
2.CG: 21.7 (±2.5)		 Handball T test(time, s);
SJ, CMJ(height, cm).
Hammami et al. (2022b) Tunisia 10 2 20 NR NR 3-5 12 NR 30 1.ST:
15
2.CG:
15		 1.ST:
15.7 (±.3)
2.CG:
15.7 (±.2)		 1.ST:
166.5 (±3.5)
2.CG:
167 (±4.1)		 1.ST:
64.1 (±3.6)
2.CG:
63.3 (±3.9)		 BF:
1.ST:
27.3 (±3.6)
2.CG:
26.5 (±3.3)		 Handball 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m sprint
(time, s);
modified
Illinois test
(time, s);
SJ, CMJ, CMJ with arms
(height, cm)
Ortega et al. (2020) Colombia 12 3 26 NR NR 4 10 3 min 46 1.ST(1):
15
2.ST(2):
13
3.CG:
18		 13.6
(±1.2)		 157 (±6.6) 46.7 (±5.3) BMI:
17.6 (±1.4)		 Soccer 30 m sprint
(time, s);
SJ, CMJ
(height, cm)
Ince, (2020) Turkey 6 2 12 NR 70%-90% of 1 RM 2-7 5 2 min 33 1.ST(1):
11
2.ST(2):
11
3.CG:
11		 1.ST(1):
15.80 (±1.03)
2.ST(2):
15.22 (±1.20)
3.CG:
15.14 (±0.38)		 1.ST(1):
164.50 (±3.96)
2.ST(2):
167.78 (±3.53)
3.CG:
165.29 (±5.25)		 1.ST(1):
60.88 (± 8.26)
2.ST(2):
62.02 (±7.20)
3.CG:
61.32 (±5.89)		 BMI:
1.ST(1): 22.48 (± 3.35)
2.ST(2): 23.52 (±2.41)
3.CG: 20.79 (±1.63)		 Volleyball 5 m, 20 m sprint
(time, s);
T test
(time, s);
SJ, CMJ
(height, cm)
Arazi et al. (2018) Iran 8 3 24 NR 30%-90% of 1 RM 1-3 1-10 20 s-30 s 30 1.ST(1):
10
2.ST(2):
10
3.CG:
10		 1.ST(1):
18.2 (±2.4)
2.ST(2):
18.7 (±1.5)
3.CG:
19.1 (±2.7)		 1.ST(1):
161 (± 6)
2.ST(2):
166 (±5)
3.CG:
163 (±5)		 1.ST(1):
54.5 (±6.6)
2.ST(2):
56.5 (±9.0)
3.CG:
54.0 (±7.5)		 NR Volleyball VJ
(height, cm);
20 m sprint
(time, s);
change of
direction
(time, s)
Pedersen et al. (2019) Norway 5 2 10 NR 85% of 1 RM 3-4 4-6 ? 180 s 34 1.ST:
19
2.CG:
15		 1.ST: 18.3(SD: 2.7)
2.CG: 18.3(SD: 2.4)		 1.ST:
167 (±6)
2.CG:
168 (±5)		 1.ST: 61.67(SD: 5.40)
2.CG: 62.92(SD: 10.48)		 BMI:
1.ST:
22.1 (±2)
2.CG:
22.3 (±3)		 Football 5 m, 10 m,
15 m sprint
(time, s);
CMJ
(height, cm)
Data are presented as mean ± SD. ST: Strength training; PT: Plyometric training; CG: Control group; Dur.: durations; Freq.: frequency; Rep.: repetitions; BF: Body fat; BMI: Body mass index; 1 RM: One repetition maximum; SJ: Squat jump; VJ: Vertical jump; CMJ: Countermovement jump; NR: Non-reported; N: Total population; L: Low; M: Moderate; H: high.