Table 1. Foot strike angle, spatiotemporal and force-related parameters in HRFS-AN, HRFS-GR and HNRFS.

Parameter	HRFS-AN	HRFS-GR	HNRFS	Overall p-value	GR - AN MD [95% CI] p-value	HNRFS - AN MD [95% CI] p-value	HNRFS - GR MD [95% CI] p-value
Cadence (steps/min)	179.20±15.32	179.61±17.32	179.09±9.63	0.980	0.41 [-3.93, 4.74] 1.000	-0.12 [-10.36, 10.12] 1.000	-0.52 [-10.76, 9.72] 1.000
Step length (m)	0.84±0.07	0.84±0.08	0.84±0.05	0.991	0.00 [-0.02, 0.02] 1.000	0.00 [-0.05, 0.04] 1.000	0.00 [-0.05, 0.04] 1.000
Contact time (ms)	222.77±21.89	244.79±30.83	230.62±26.88	0.100	22.02 [1.43, 42.61] 0.108	7.84 [-12.38, 28.07] 0.447	-14.18 [-34.40, 6.05] 0.339
Strike angle (deg)	-6.23±3.53	-1.71±2.39	-3.28±2.19	<0.001***	4.52 [2.73, 6.30] < 0.001***	2.95 [0.88, 5.02] 0.011*	-1.57 [-3.64, 0.50] 0.137
vGRF (BW)	2.51±0.24	2.46±0.18	2.67±0.34	0.128	-0.05 [-0.15, 0.05] 0.340	0.16 [-0.05, 0.37] 0.277	0.21 [0.00, 0.42] 0.157
VILR (BW/s)	58.41±14.77	75.73±24.20	66.28±15.43	0.028*	17.32 [5.48, 29.16] 0.012*	7.87 [-6.07, 21.82] 0.368	-9.45 [-23.39, 4.50] 0.368
VALR (BW/s)	46.82±12.25	61.75±21.11	50.24±13.27	0.025*	14.93 [4.43, 25.43] 0.016*	3.42 [-8.59, 15.43] 0.577	-11.51 [-23.52, 0.50] 0.121

Values are mean ± SD,* p<0.05*** p<0.001.GR: HRFS-GR; AN:HRFS-AN; vGRF: vertical ground reaction force; VILR: vertical instantaneous loading rate; VALR: vertical average loading rate; BW: body weight.