Table 2. Means (±standard deviations) of shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and ankle joint angles for both backstroke start variants.
Phase Upper limbs
horizontally positioned		 Upper limbs
vertically positioned
Shoulder (º) 77.86 (14.86) 73.70 (16.10)
Elbow (º) 89.08 (26.93) 90.07 (20.82)
Hip (º) 57.77 (7.06) 58.64 (15.45)
Knee (º) 52.44 (5.34) 53.35 (7.99)
Ankle (º) 38.01 (8.97) 44.29 (10.76)