Improvements in Physical Fitness are Associated with Favorable Changes in Blood Lipid Concentrations in Children

Table 2. Preceding changes (over 1-year) in physical fitness and the subsequent changes (over 2-year) in blood lipid concentrations.

		2 year change in blood lipid concentrations
		Clustered lipid score		NonHDL-C (mg/dl)		TG (mg/dl)		HDL-C (mg/dl)		LDL-C (mg/dl)
		β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p
Initial 1 year change in physical fitness
Handgrip strength (kg)	Boys	-0.054	0.649	0.004	0.974	-0.260	0.030	-0.097	0.439	0.131	0.306
Handgrip strength (kg)	Girls	-0.214	0.058	-0.156	0.235	-0.306	0.017	0.124	0.346	0.127	0.333
Standing long jump (cm)	Boys	-0.125	0.358	-0.252	0.086	-0.145	0.324	-0.054	0.715	-0.142	0.332
Standing long jump (cm)	Girls	0.019	0.850	-0.269	0.021	0.075	0.520	-0.211	0.073	-0.275	0.019
Bent-leg sit up (times)	Boys	-0.301	0.038	-0.310	0.044	-0.151	0.331	0.089	0.564	-0.171	0.259
Bent-leg sit up (times)	Girls	0.061	0.611	-0.113	0.382	0.105	0.410	-0.152	0.242	-0.163	0.160
Ball throw (m)	Boys	-0.046	0.717	-0.083	0.549	-0.047	0.727	-0.049	0.719	-0.072	0.600
Ball throw (m)	Girls	-0.052	0.655	-0.138	0.296	-0.128	0.315	-0.110	0.401	-0.046	0.720
50m sprinting (s)	Boys	0.057	0.642	0.348	0.006	-0.155	0.262	0.156	0.208	0.408	0.001
50m sprinting (s)	Girls	0.181	0.074	0.227	0.053	0.066	0.571	-0.097	0.410	0.089	0.449
Side-step (times)	Boys	-0.158	0.282	-0.102	0.503	-0.224	0.129	0.026	0.868	0.018	0.902
Side-step (times)	Girls	-0.012	0.932	0.031	0.833	0.099	0.504	0.130	0.390	-0.049	0.726
20 m shuttle run (times)	Boys	-0.128	0.406	0.038	0.823	-0.057	0.715	0.226	0.134	-0.027	0.867
20 m shuttle run (times)	Girls	-0.094	0.430	-0.163	0.224	0.009	0.945	0.050	0.711	-0.159	0.233
Sit-and-reach (cm)	Boys	-0.257	0.091	-0.125	0.435	-0.150	0.328	0.266	0.110	0.008	0.960
Sit-and-reach (cm)	Girls	-0.005	0.968	-0.003	0.985	-0.126	0.394	-0.018	0.901	0.094	0.484

HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data are presented as a standardized partial regression coefficient (B). Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine changes in physical fitness over the 1-year period (independent variable) was associated with the change in blood lipid concentrations over two years (dependent variable) after adjusting for baseline age, baseline BMI-SDS, changes in BMI-SDS over the 1-year (i.e., ∆BMI-SDS), a baseline corresponding blood lipid concentration (e.g., when the change in non-HDL-C concentration was modeled as the dependent variable, the analysis was adjusted for the baseline non-HDL-C concentration) and the baseline corresponding physical fitness (e.g., when the change in handgrip strength was modeled as the independent variable, the analysis was adjusted for the baseline handgrip strength).HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data are presented as a standardized partial regression coefficient (B). Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine changes in physical fitness over the 1-year period (independent variable) was associated with the change in blood lipid concentrations over two years (dependent variable) after adjusting for baseline age, baseline BMI-SDS, changes in BMI-SDS over the 1-year (i.e., ∆BMI-SDS), a baseline corresponding blood lipid concentration (e.g., when the change in non-HDL-C concentration was modeled as the dependent variable, the analysis was adjusted for the baseline non-HDL-C concentration) and the baseline corresponding physical fitness (e.g., when the change in handgrip strength was modeled as the independent variable, the analysis was adjusted for the baseline handgrip strength).