Table 2. Risk of bias assessment.
| Authors &
Year |
Eligibility
Criteria specified |
Random
allocation of participants |
Allocation
concealed |
Groups
similar at baseline |
Assessors
blinded |
Outcome
measures assessed in 85% of participants |
Intention
to treat analysis |
Reporting
of between group statistical comparison |
Point measures
and measures of variability reported for main effects |
Total |
| Abassi et
al. 2022 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6 |
| Ahmadi et
al. 2020 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6 |
| Boer et al.
2014 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
7 |
| Chuensiri
et al. 2017 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Cvetkovic
et al. 2018 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Delgado-Floody
et al. 2018 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Dias et al.
2018 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
7 |
| Espinoza
Silva et al. 2023 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
4 |
| Espinoza
Silva et al. 2019 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Ketelhut
et al. 2020 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6 |
| Khaliltahmasebi
et al. 2022 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Kranen et
al. 2023 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
7 |
| Martin et
al. 2015 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Martínez-Vizcaíno
et al. 2022 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Meng et al.
2022 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6 |
| McNarry et
al. 2021 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Oliveira
et al. 2022 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Paahoo et
al. 2021 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6 |
| Plavsic et
al. 2020 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
7 |
| Racil et
al. 2013 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Racil et
al. 2016a |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
4 |
| Racil et
al. 2016b |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
4 |
| Rosenkranz
et al. 2012 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Salus et
al. 2022a |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
3 |
| Salus et
al. 2022b |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
4 |
| Tadiotto
et al. 2023 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Tas et al.
2023 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
6 |
| Taylor et
al. 2019 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
| Tjønna et
al. 2009 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
7 |
| van Biljon
et al. 2018 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
4 |
| Williams
et al. 2022 |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
5 |
‘low (✓), ‘high (x) and unclear (?)