Table 2. Cox proportional hazards models for incident outcome by CTI.
| Variable |
Number
of events, n |
Model
1 |
Model
2 |
Model
3 |
|
|
HR |
95% CI |
p |
HR |
95% CI |
p |
HR |
95% CI |
p |
| CTI
(per 1 unit) |
2011 |
1.09 |
1.01-1.18 |
0.02 |
1.09 |
1.01-1.18 |
0.02 |
1.08 |
1.00-1.17 |
0.03 |
| CTI
quartile |
| Q1
(Ref) |
474 |
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
Ref |
|
|
| Q2 |
484 |
1.02 |
0.89-1.17 |
0.81 |
1.01 |
0.88-1.16 |
0.90 |
1.00 |
0.88-1.14 |
0.92 |
| Q3 |
508 |
1.07 |
0.93-1.21 |
0.35 |
1.04 |
0.91-1.19 |
0.55 |
1.03 |
0.91-1.16 |
0.58 |
| Q4 |
545 |
1.15 |
1.01-1.31 |
0.03 |
1.14 |
1.01-1.30 |
0.04 |
1.12 |
1.00-1.24 |
0.07 |
| P
for trend |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
0.02 |
HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval. Q1 represents the lowest quartile and was used as the reference group. Model 1 included no covariate adjustment; Model 2 was adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors (sex, age, residence, marital status, education, smoking, and alcohol use); and Model 3 additionally accounted for comorbid conditions such as chronic diseases, arthritis, liver disease, asthma, kidney disease, and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as the use of anti-diabetic medication, anti-hypertensive medication, and lipid-lowering medication as covariates. The p for trend was estimated by treating the median value of each quartile as a continuous variable in the Cox regression model. Statistical significance was defined as a two-sided p < 0.05.
