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| Author (Year) | Lower Extremity Location | Predictor Variables | Data Pre- processing | Feature Selection/ Dimensionality Reduction | Training Strategy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lopez-Valenciano et al. (2018) | Any muscle (traumatic) | - Demographics and Injury History (Age, BMI, Injury history, Sleep, Level of play) - Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Sport devaluation, Sleep quality) - Physical Performance Measures (YBalance test, Core control, ROM of hip, Isometric strength) |
-Data imputation -Weka software |
NR | - SMOTE -5-fold cross-validation |
| Ruddy et al. ( |
HSI (traumatic) | - Demographics and Injury History (Age, Height, Mass. Playing Position, History HIS, History ACL) - Physical Performance Measures (Peak Hamstring Force Right, Peak Hamstring Force Left, Hamstring Force Imbalance) |
Data normalized (Z-score) | NR | - SMOTE - 10-fold cross-validation |
| Ayala et al. ( |
HSI (traumatic) | - Demographics and Injury History (Age, History of HSI last season, Maximal level of play achieved) - Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Sleep quality, Physical/emotional exhaustion, Reduced sense of accomplishment) - Physical Performance Measures (Dynamic postural control, Isometric hip abduction and adduction strength, Lower extremity joint ROMs) |
Data imputation | NR | - SMOTE - 3-fold cross-validation |
| Connaboy et al. ( |
Any region (NR) | - Demographics (Age, Boday fat, Weight) - Physical Performance Measures (Peak anaerobic power, Mean anaerobic power, Knee active extension) |
Not Reported | NR | Leave-one out cross validation |
| Henriquez et al. ( |
Any region (NR) | - Demographics (Weight, Height, Gender, Age) - Physical Performance Measures (Eyes Open Balance Test Composite Score, DPSI Composite Score, Straight Leg Raise, Active Knee Extension, Ankle Dorsiflexion Strength) |
Data normalized (Z-score) | Mean Decrease Accuracy | 5-fold cross-validation |
| Oliver et al. ( |
Any region (traumatic) | -Demographic (Age, BMI, Height); -Physical Performance Measures (Maturity-Offset, 75%Hop L PVGRF, 75%Hop R PVGRF) |
Weka software | NR | - Cost-sensitive learning - 5-fold cross-validation |
| Jauhiainen et al. ( |
Knee, Ankle (traumatic) | - Demographic and Injury History (Age, Sex, BMI, Previous ACL, Family ACL history) - Physical Performance Measures (KT1000 (dominant leg), hip flexion peak (dominant leg), medial knee displacement (both legs), vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (both legs)) |
-Data imputation -Data normalized (Z-score) |
Expert-based feature selection | 10-fold cross-validation |
| Ruiz-Perez et al. ( |
Any region (traumatic) | - Demographics and Injury History (Player position, Current level of play, Dominant leg, Sex, Age) - Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Physical/emotional exhaustion, Sleep quality) - Physical Performance Measures (PosteroLateral, Y-Balance-Composite) |
-Data imputation -Weka software |
Attribute Selected Classifier | -Under-sampling Bagging -5-fold cross-validation |
| Bogaert et al. ( |
Any region (overuse) | - Demographics and Injury History (Gender, Weight, Height, Previous injuries) - Physical Performance Measures (Root-mean-square ratio, Step regularity, Stride regularity, Sample entropy) |
Data normalized (Min-Max Scaling) | PCA (Principal Component Analysis) | -Cost-sensitive learning -Internal Cross-Validation |
| Jauhiainen et al. ( |
Knee (traumatic) | - Demographics and Injury History (Age, Body mass, Previous ACL) - Physical Performance Measures (Single leg drop jump knee, Jump hip flex max) |
-Data imputation -Data normalized |
NR | - SMOTE -5-fold cross-validation |
| Huang et al. ( |
Any region (overuse) | - Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Sleep Quality, Muscle Soreness, Stress Levels) - Physical Performance Measures (Squat 1RM, 15 m × 17 Shuttle Run, 5.8 m × 6 Shuttle Run) - Physiological Status Indicators (Urine Protein, Urobilinogen, Urine pH, Urine Specific Gravity) |
-Data imputation -Data normalized (Z-score) |
NR | - SMOTE - 10-fold cross-validation |
| Lu et al. ( |
Any Muscle (traumatic) | - Demographics and Injury History (Recent hamstring injury, Recent back injury, Age) - Game Performance Metrics (Field goal percentage, 3-point shots made per game, 3-point shots attempted per game, Usage percentage, Offensive win share, Defensive win share) |
Not Reported | RFE (Recursive Feature Elimination) | 10-fold cross-validation |
| Huang et al. ( |
Any region (overuse) | - Psychological and Perceptual Variables (RPE: Ratings of Perceived Exertion) - Physical Performance Measures (Double under, Squat, Bench press, Shuttle run, Sprint) - Physiological Status Indicators (Instantaneous Heart Rate, Heart Rate Recovery, Protein, pH) |
-Data imputation -Data normalized (Z-score) |
LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis) | - SMOTE - 5-fold cross-validation |
| Javier Robles-Palazon et al. ( |
Soft tissue (traumatic) | - Demographics and Injury History (Age, BMI, Injury history) - Psychological and Perceptual Variables (Anxiety, Motivation, Team cohesion) - Physical Performance Measures (Joint Range of Motion (ROM), Balance and Stability, Functional Performance Measures) |
-Data imputation -Weka software |
Attribute Selected Classifier | - Under-sampling Bagging - 5-fold cross-validation |
| Kolodziej et al. ( |
Any region (traumatic) | - Demographics (Age, Height, Weight) - Physical Performance Measures (Postural Control and Balance, Strength Measures, Joint Kinematics, Joint Moments) - Ground Reaction Forces (Peak vGRF) |
Data normalized | LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) | 15-fold cross-validation |