Table 3. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and mixed ANOVA results for the outcomes across the five groups.
Measure Group Mean (Pre) Std. Deviation (Pre) Mean (Post) Std. Deviation (Post) Mixed ANOVA
MoCA
(score)		 TS 21.0 1.7 25.6 2.1 Time: F = 245.743; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.845

Time*group: F = 18.538; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.622
TS+C 21.4 1.8 26.9 1.7
A 22.2 2.0 24.4 3.1
TS+C 23.4 1.8 26.6 1.8
Control 22.1 2.1 22.7 1.7
Chair Stand
(n)		 TS 17.4 3.2 19.7 2.7 Time: F = 12.786; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.221

Time*group: F = 2.614; p = 0.048; ηp2 = 0.189
TS+C 17.3 5.0 20.0 5.0
A 16.5 4.2 16.9 2.9
TS+C 16.7 1.9 18.4 3.0
Control 16.1 4.4 15.6 3.8
Arm Curl
(n)		 TS 18.2 2.8 22.6 2.1 Time: F = 15.480; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.256

Time*group: F = 4.816; p = 0.003; ηp2 = 0.300
TS+C 18.6 3.9 22.8 5.3
A 18.5 4.0 19.1 4.6
TS+C 17.9 1.7 18.8 4.4
Control 19.7 3.6 19.0 3.6
Back scratch L
(cm)		 TS -8.30 4.57 -6.90 4.18 Time: F = 11.925; p = 0.001; ηp2 = 0.209

Time*group: F = 1.326; p = 0.275; ηp2 = 0.105
TS+C -7.10 7.33 -5.85 7.82
A -7.50 6.10 -7.20 6.07
TS+C -7.56 8.34 -5.33 9.27
Control -5.91 6.28 -5.64 5.77
Back scratch R
(cm)		 TS -4.30 5.81 -3.70 5.52 Time: F = 1.010; p = 0.320; ηp2 = 0.022

Time*group: F = 0.155; p = 0.960; ηp2 = 0.014
TS+C -3.50 7.46 -2.80 6.43
A -5.60 5.02 -5.20 4.78
TS+C -4.56 5.13 -4.78 5.14
Control -4.73 7.21 -4.18 6.23
Sit and reach L
(cm)		 TS -1.60 8.06 0.30 8.26 Time: F = 6.188; p = 0.017; ηp2 = 0.121

Time*group: F = 0.409; p = 0.801; ηp2 = 0.035
TS+C 0.40 4.88 2.50 3.44
A 0.80 4.89 1.80 6.37
TS+C 0.11 2.98 2.44 3.54
Control -0.55 5.80 -0.27 5.39
Sit and reach R
(cm)		 TS 1.80 5.65 3.30 5.31 Time: F = 6.932; p = 0.012; ηp2 = 0.133

Time*group: F = 1.693; p = 0.168; ηp2 = 0.131
TS+C -1.80 3.49 -0.70 4.03
A 0.70 4.37 1.90 4.75
TS+C -1.56 6.25 2.00 3.04
Control 2.64 5.75 2.00 4.71
Up and go
(s)		 TS 5.16 0.78 4.47 0.60 Time: F = 22.809; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.336

Time*group: F = 11.997; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.516
TS+C 5.23 0.97 4.56 1.02
A 5.10 0.73 4.85 0.72
TS+C 5.50 0.85 4.92 0.65
Control 5.17 0.77 5.72 1.05
Walk
(m)		 TS 493.1 65.8 571.4 46.8 Time: F = 67.411; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.600

Time*group: F = 5.627; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.333
TS+C 487.1 80.0 573.8 99.4
A 498.2 51.6 567.2 45.4
TS+C 495.4 62.4 581.1 65.2
Control 482.2 78.2 476.0 78.1
TS: team sports; TS+C: team sports + cognitive training; A: aerobic; A+C: aerobic + cognitive training; L: left; R: right.