The Effects of Individualized Low- and Moderate-Load Circuit Training on Physical Performance, Hormonal Responses, And Hematological Adaptations in Resistance-Trained Men

Table 3. Pre- and post-intervention hormonal and hematological measurements in each group.

Variables	Group	Pre-Test	Post-Test	ES+[95%Cl]	Δ%	Main and Interaction Effects	Post-hoc pairwise comparisons
Variables	Group	Pre-Test	Post-Test	ES+[95%Cl]	Δ%	Main and Interaction Effects	Between-group	p	ES+[95%Cl]
T	LL-CT ML-CT CON	587.3±109.5 669.9±112.8 597.6±148.6	686.4±97.5* 786.7±101.9*#586.4±148.6	0.78[0.37,1.20] 0.87[0.46,1.29] -0.12[-0.55,0.32]	19.5% 18.2% -1.0%	Time:p<0.001 Group:p=0.045 Interaction:p=0.004	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	1.000 0.046 0.286	0.90[0.30,1.50] 0.99[0.39,1.59] 0.09[-0.49,0.67]
C	LL-CT ML-CT CON	21.3±2.3 20.8±1.8 21.2±4.1	19.8±3.9 19.6±4.1 22.8±2.7	0.54[-0.31,1.38] 0.43[-0.42,1.28] -0.56[-1.46,0.33]	-6.9% -5.9% 12.6%	Time:p=0.587 Group:p=0.265 Interaction:p=0.154	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	0.675 0.361 1.000	1.10[-0.14,2.34] 1.00[-0.24,2.23] -0.11[-1.31,1.10]
WBC	LL-CT ML-CT CON	6.2±1.1 6.4±1.3 7.7±2.6	6.6±1.1 6.7±1.2 7.7±2.2	0.23[-0.58,1.04] 0.16[-0.65,0.97] -0.01[-0.86,0.84]	5.3% 3.8% -1.2%	Time:p=0.592 Group:p=0.053 Interaction:p=0.910	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	0.084 0.124 1.000	0.24[-0.93,1.42] 0.17[-1.00,1.35] -0.07[-1.22,1.07]
RBC	LL-CT ML-CT CON	5.0±0.3 5.3±0.4 5.3±0.3	5.2±0.4 5.4±0.7 5.3±0.2	0.51[-0.01,1.04] 0.30[-0.22,0.83] -0.10[-0.65,0.45]	4.0% 2.1% -0.3%	Time:p=0.123 Group:p=0.308 Interaction:p=0.262	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	0.598 1.000 0.559	0.61[-0.15,1.37 0.41[-0.35,1.16] -0.21[-0.95,0.53]
Hb	LL-CT ML-CT CON	15.0±1.2 15.2±1.1 15.7±1.2	15.1±1.0 15.8±0.8* 15.8±0.7	0.31[-0.04,0.65] 0.48[0.13,0.83] 0.09[-0.27,0.46]	2.8% 4.0% 1.1%	Time:p=0.006 Group:p=0.411 Interaction:p=0.298	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	0.559 1.000 1.000	0.22[-0.28,0.72] 0.39[-0.11,0.89] 0.17[-0.32,0.66]
HCT	LL-CT ML-CT CON	49.0±3.0 48.8±2.5 46.3±2.3	47.7±1.7 48.3±2.6 46.2±3.3	-0.49[-0.98,0.01] -0.13[-0.63,0.36] 0.05[-0.57,0.47]	-2.5% -0.5% 0.5%	Time:p=0.191 Group:p=0.104 Interaction:p=0.307	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	0.251 0.149 1.000	-0.54[-1.26,0.18] -0.18[-0.90,0.54] 0.36[-0.34,1.06]
RDW	LL-CT ML-CT CON	12.4±0.3 12.8±1.1 12.3±0.5	12.1±0.3* 12.4±1.0** 12.1±0.5	0.43[0.09,0.77] 0.48[0.13,0.82] 0.21[-0.16,0.57]	-2.5% -2.6% -1.1%	Time:p<0.001 Group:p=0.375 Interaction:p=0.508	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	1.000 0.701 0.674	0.22[-0.28,0.72] 0.27[-0.23,0.77] 0.05[-0.44,0.53]
MCH	LL-CT ML-CT CON	29.4±3.6 29.7±1.4 29.1±1.2	29.6±3.6 30.2±1.3 29.1±2.0	0.22[-0.06,0.51] 0.16[-0.12,0.45] -0.10[-0.40,0.20]	2.0% 1.3% -0.9%	Time:p=0.252 Group:p=0.667 Interaction:p=0.260	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	1.000 1.000 1.000	0.32[-0.09,0.73] 0.26[-0.15,0.67] -0.06[-0.46,0.34]
MCHC	LL-CT ML-CT CON	31.9±1.5 31.8±0.7 31.5±1.2	32.9±1.2 33.2±0.6 32.3±1.8	0.97[0.28,1.66] 1.09[0.40,1.78] 0.56[-0.16,1.29]	4.2% 4.0% 1.6%	Time:p<0.001 Group:p=0.289 Interaction:p=0.536	LL-CT vs CON ML-CT vs CON ML-CT vs LL-CT	0.477 0.555 1.000	0.32[-0.09,0.73] 0.26[-0.15,0.67] -0.06[-0.46,0.34]

T: Testosterone; C: Cortisol; WBC: White Blood Cells; RBC: Red Blood Cells; HB: Hemoglobin; HCT: Hematocrit; RDW: Red Cell Distribution Width; MCH: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin; MCHC: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration;Δ%: Individual responsiveness (% change from pre- to post-intervention);* indicates a significant within-group difference, p < 0.05;** indicates a highly significant within-group difference, p < 0.01;# indicates a significant between-group difference compared to the control group, p < 0.05;## indicates a highly significant between-group difference compared to the control group, p < 0.01.