| Outcome | No. of studies | Participants (n) |
Effect estimate | Heterogeneity (I2) |
Certainty
of evidence |
Reasons
for downgrading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | 13 | 310 | MD = -2.58 kg/m2, 95% CI: -3.35 to -1.81 | 10% | Moderate | Risk of bias |
| BFP | 13 | 305 | MD = -2.95%, 95% CI: -4.45 to -1.46 | 10% | Moderate | Risk of bias |
| WC | 5 | 132 | MD = -8.15 cm, 95% CI: -11.60 to -4.71 | 17% | Moderate | Risk of bias |
| LBM | 10 | 210 | MD = -3.00 kg, 95% CI: -5.87 to -0.14 | 74% | Low | Risk of bias; inconsistency; potential publication bias |
| TG | 5 | 146 | SMD = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.93 to -0.20 | 30% | Low | Risk of bias; imprecision |
| SBP | 6 | 162 | MD = -6.62 mmHg, 95% CI: -10.16 to -3.09 | 55% | Low | Risk of bias; inconsistency |
| DBP | 7 | 178 | MD = -2.60 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.56 to -0.65 | 0% | Moderate | Risk of bias |
| TC | 6 | 172 | SMD = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.62 to 0.00 | 29% | Low | Risk of bias; imprecision |
| LDL-C | 6 | 168 | SMD = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.59 to 0.03 | 20% | Low | Risk of bias; imprecision |
| HDL-C | 7 | 181 | SMD = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.60 | 44% | Low | Risk of bias; imprecision |