Table 3. Coefficients of variation of lower-limb joint angles in HRFS-AN, HRFS-GR and HNRFS.
  Parameter HRFS-AN HRFS-GR HNRFS Overall p-value GR - AN MD [95% CI] p-value HNRFS - AN MD [95% CI] p-value HNRFS - GR MD [95% CI] p-value
Hip Angle (deg) Sagittal max 0.09±0.07 0.04±0.02 0.09±0.08 0.075 -0.04 [-0.08, 0.00]
0.089		 0.00 [-0.04, 0.05]
0.957		 0.04 [0.00, 0.09]
0.115
Sagittal min 0.52±0.39 0.18±0.15 0.31±0.33 0.015* -0.33 [-0.54, -0.13]
0.004**		 -0.21 [-0.44, 0.02]
0.158		 0.13 [-0.11, 0.36]
0.292
Sagittal rom 0.07±0.05 0.04±0.01 0.08±0.07 0.042* -0.03 [-0.06, 0.00]
0.079		 0.01 [-0.03, 0.05]
0.497		 0.04 [0.01, 0.08]
0.079
Coronal max 0.34±0.38 0.13±0.08 0.18±0.20 0.075 -0.21 [-0.38, -0.03]
0.072		 -0.15 [-0.34, 0.04]
0.222		 0.05 [-0.14, 0.24]
0.586
Coronal min 0.51±0.35 0.32±0.36 0.28±0.30 0.147 -0.18 [-0.41, 0.04]
0.266		 -0.22 [-0.47, 0.03]
0.266		 -0.04 [-0.29, 0.22]
0.779
Coronal rom 0.16±0.07 0.10±0.04 0.14±0.11 0.130 -0.06 [-0.13, 0.00]
0.162		 -0.02 [-0.08, 0.04]
0.588		 0.05 [-0.02, 0.11]
0.311
Transverse max 0.27±0.19 0.13±0.07 0.24±0.30 0.202 -0.14 [-0.30, 0.03]
0.304		 -0.02 [-0.18, 0.14]
0.782		 0.11 [-0.05, 0.27]
0.331
Transverse min 0.35±0.22 0.25±0.16 0.41±0.34 0.257 -0.10 [-0.29, 0.09]
0.585		 0.06 [-0.14, 0.25]
0.585		 0.16 [-0.04, 0.35]
0.335
Transverse rom 0.20±0.13 0.12±0.05 0.14±0.06 0.042* -0.08 [-0.15, -0.01]
0.056		 -0.07 [-0.13, 0.00]
0.103		 0.02 [-0.05, 0.08]
0.657
Knee Angle (deg) Sagittal max 0.18±0.12 0.12±0.07 0.16±0.08 0.200 -0.06 [-0.13, 0.01]
0.244		 -0.02 [-0.09, 0.05]
0.538		 0.04 [-0.03, 0.11]
0.538
Sagittal min 0.12±0.10 0.03±0.01 0.08±0.08 0.012* -0.09 [-0.15, -0.03]
0.008**		 -0.03 [-0.09, 0.03]
0.266		 0.06 [0.00, 0.12]
0.107
Sagittal rom 0.18±0.16 0.04±0.02 0.10±0.10 0.006** -0.14 [-0.22, -0.06]
0.002**		 -0.08 [-0.16, 0.00]
0.130		 0.06 [-0.02, 0.14]
0.143
Coronal max 0.24±0.18 0.25±0.23 0.25±0.24 0.993 0.01 [-0.10, 0.11]
1.000		 0.00 [-0.16, 0.17]
1.000		 0.00 [-0.17, 0.16]
1.000
Coronal min 0.17±0.18 0.13±0.07 0.14±0.15 0.608 -0.04 [-0.13, 0.04]
1.000		 -0.03 [-0.14, 0.08]
1.000		 0.01 [-0.09, 0.12]
1.000
Coronal rom 0.14±0.13 0.08±0.04 0.13±0.06 0.171 -0.06 [-0.12, 0.01]
0.217		 -0.01 [-0.08, 0.06]
0.755		 0.04 [-0.02, 0.11]
0.374
Transverse max 0.42±0.33 0.23±0.10 0.25±0.20 0.044* -0.19 [-0.35, -0.04]
0.049*		 -0.17 [-0.34, 0.00]
0.103		 0.02 [-0.15, 0.19]
0.804
Transverse min 0.17±0.13 0.09±0.04 0.21±0.25 0.132 -0.08 [-0.18, 0.01]
0.216		 0.04 [-0.10, 0.17]
0.577		 0.12 [-0.01, 0.26]
0.216
Transverse rom 0.17±0.07 0.10±0.03 0.13±0.05 0.005** -0.07 [-0.11, -0.03]
<0.001***		 -0.04 [-0.09, 0.00]
0.085		 0.03 [-0.01, 0.07]
0.200
Ankle Angle (deg) Sagittal max 0.45±0.48 0.11±0.14 0.11±0.09 0.003** -0.35 [-0.57, -0.13]
0.005**		 -0.35 [-0.56, -0.13]
0.005**		 0.00 [-0.22, 0.22]
0.999
Sagittal min 0.15±0.11 0.14±0.10 0.18±0.19 0.690 -0.01 [-0.11, 0.10]
1.000		 0.04 [-0.07, 0.14]
1.000		 0.04 [-0.07, 0.15]
1.000
Sagittal rom 0.20±0.17 0.07±0.06 0.16±0.13 0.038* -0.13 [-0.23, -0.03]
0.036*		 -0.04 [-0.14, 0.06]
0.399		 0.09 [-0.01, 0.18]
0.172
Coronal max 0.34±0.23 0.29±0.30 0.25±0.12 0.575 -0.05 [-0.19, 0.10]
1.000		 -0.09 [-0.26, 0.08]
0.962		 -0.04 [-0.21, 0.13]
1.000
Coronal min 0.19±0.25 0.13±0.09 0.32±0.36 0.185 -0.06 [-0.22, 0.10]
0.458		 0.13 [-0.07, 0.33]
0.437		 0.19 [-0.01, 0.39]
0.209
Coronal rom 0.18±0.08 0.13±0.04 0.17±0.11 0.354 -0.04 [-0.10, 0.02]
0.566		 -0.01 [-0.07, 0.05]
0.808		 0.03 [-0.03, 0.10]
0.566
Transverse max 0.41±0.29 0.30±0.17 0.31±0.18 0.315 -0.11 [-0.27, 0.05]
0.494		 -0.10 [-0.27, 0.07]
0.498		 0.01 [-0.16, 0.18]
0.882
Transverse min 0.21±0.19 0.15±0.15 0.31±0.36 0.252 -0.05 [-0.24, 0.14]
0.602		 0.10 [-0.09, 0.29]
0.580		 0.15 [-0.04, 0.34]
0.337
Transverse rom 0.23±0.11 0.13±0.06 0.16±0.11 0.032* -0.10 [-0.17, -0.02]
0.034*		 -0.07 [-0.14, 0.00]
0.117		 0.03 [-0.05, 0.10]
0.494
COM (cm) Vertical rom 0.06±0.01 0.06±0.02 0.06±0.03 0.644 0.00 [-0.01, 0.01]
1.000		 0.00 [-0.01, 0.02]
1.000		 0.00 [-0.02, 0.02]
1.000
A-P rom 0.26±0.14 0.31±0.14 0.28±0.10 0.494 0.05 [-0.03, 0.13]
0.748		 0.02 [-0.08, 0.11]
1.000		 -0.03 [-0.13, 0.06]
1.000
M-L rom 0.31±0.11 0.26±0.08 0.28±0.08 0.189 -0.05 [-0.10, 0.00]
0.193		 -0.03 [-0.10, 0.04]
0.850		 0.02 [-0.05, 0.09]
0.850
Values are mean ± SD,* p<0.05** p<0.01***p < 0.001.GR: HRFS-GR; AN:HRFS-AN; COM: center of mass; ROM: range of motion; A-P: anterior-posterior; M-L: medial-lateral.