Table 5. Main and interaction effects for gross motor development outcomes across participation-frequency groups
| Test items |
Time |
Group |
Time
× Group |
| F |
p |
η2p |
F |
p |
η2p |
F |
p |
η2p |
| Gallop |
54.28 |
0.000 |
0.479 |
1.98 |
0.127 |
0.091 |
1.93 |
0.134 |
0.089 |
| Slide |
135.81 |
0.000 |
0.697 |
0.315 |
0.814 |
0.016 |
0.84 |
0.478 |
0.041 |
| Skip |
35.86 |
0.000 |
0.378 |
0.25 |
0.863 |
0.012 |
1.87 |
0.144 |
0.087 |
| Hop |
68.42 |
0.000 |
0.537 |
2.81 |
0.047 |
0.125 |
1.15 |
0.336 |
0.055 |
| Run |
321.19 |
0.000 |
0.845 |
2.891 |
0.043 |
0.128 |
1.62 |
0.194 |
0.076 |
| Horizontal
Jump |
118.75 |
0.000 |
0.668 |
2.59 |
0.061 |
0.116 |
3.27 |
0.027 |
0.143 |
| Total
scores of Locomotor Movements |
397.41 |
0.000 |
0.871 |
1.80 |
0.157 |
0.084 |
5.06 |
0.003 |
0.205 |
| Forehand
Strike of Self-bounced Ball |
102.24 |
0.000 |
0.634 |
1.46 |
0.235 |
0.069 |
1.02 |
0.389 |
0.049 |
| Kick
a Stationary Ball |
82.20 |
0.000 |
0.582 |
0.43 |
0.736 |
0.021 |
0.23 |
0.876 |
0.012 |
| Underhand
Throw |
102.82 |
0.000 |
0.635 |
2.36 |
0.081 |
0.107 |
0.93 |
0.432 |
0.045 |
| Overhand
Throw |
52.12 |
0.000 |
0.469 |
1.58 |
0.203 |
0.074 |
0.39 |
0.762 |
0.019 |
| Two-hand
Strike of a Stationary Ball |
121.82 |
0.000 |
0.674 |
1.13 |
0.345 |
0.054 |
2.80 |
0.048 |
0.124 |
| Two
Hand Catch |
202.95 |
0.000 |
0.775 |
0.55 |
0.653 |
0.027 |
3.84 |
0.014 |
0.163 |
| One
Hand Stationary Dribble |
48.69 |
0.000 |
0.452 |
1.33 |
0.274 |
0.063 |
2.89 |
0.043 |
0.128 |
| Total
scores of Object Control Movements |
486.72 |
0.000 |
0.892 |
2.00 |
0.125 |
0.092 |
4.41 |
0.007 |
0.183 |
| Total
scores |
737.46 |
0.000 |
0.926 |
2.10 |
0.111 |
0.096 |
7.63 |
0.000 |
0.280 |
Effect sizes are reported as partial eta squared (η
2p). Boldface indicates statistically significant effects. For outcomes with a significant Time × Group interaction, the interaction effect and subsequent simple-effects comparisons were interpreted rather than the main effects alone.
