Table 2. Body composition models and some relevant measurement methods. (Modified from Heymsfield et al., 1997).

Level

Recently developed or Improved methods

Other methods

Atomic

Neutron activation analysis

Whole-body 40K
counting
Tracer dilution

Molecular

Bioimpedance analysis
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Multi-component models

Underwater weighing
Infrared interactance
Tracer and gas dilution

Cellular

 

Tracer dilution

Tissue-System

Computerized axial tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging

Ultrasound
24-h urinary creatinine and 3- methyl histidine excretion

Whole body

 

Anthropometry