 |
||||||||
| Reference |
Age (years)
|
N
|
Sex
|
Exercise type |
Training period
|
Muscle
|
Training effect (%) | Measured by |
|
||||||||
| Häkkinen and Komi, 1985 |
27 ± 3, used to training
|
10
|
M
|
Explosive strength training, jump exercises with and without loads |
24 wks
(3 x/w) |
Leg
|
21% (max strength increased by 7%) | Squat jump height |
| Baker et al., 1994 |
20 ± 3 athletes
|
22
|
M
|
Strength training, squat lifts |
12 wks
(3 x/w) |
Leg
|
8% | Vertical squat jump |
| Häkkinen et al., 1998 |
39–42 and
67–72 |
42
|
F/M
|
Heavy RT combined with explosive exercises 50%–80% of 1RM |
6 mths
(2 x/w) |
Leg
|
11%–14% in middle-aged and 18%–24% in older men and women |
Vertical Squat jumps on a force plattform |
| Izquierdo et al., 2001 |
46 ± 2 and
64 ± 2 |
22
|
M
|
Heavy RT 50–70% of RM and 8 weeks 20% of exercises where explosive type with 30–50% of RM |
16 wks
(2 x/w) |
Knee
|
46% and 37% measured with a relative load of 60% (less with other loads) | Measured by relative loads of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 70% of 1RM with max knee extension in half-squat |
| Newton et al., 2002 |
30 ± 5 (n = 8)
61 ± 4 (n = 10) |
18
|
M
|
Mixed RT: hypertrophy, strength and power |
10 wks
(3 x/w) |
Leg
and trunk |
33–36% (similar improvements in both age groups) | Squat jump measured by 30% 1RM load |
| Jones et al., 2001 |
20 ± 2,
athletes |
15
|
M
|
RT 40%–60% 1RM, squat lifts |
10 wks
(4 x/w) |
Leg
|
3%–12% | Countermovement jump (6%–12%), depth jump (9%), 1RM squat (6%–12%), angle jump (3%) |
| Wilson et al., 1993* |
22 ± 7,
athletes |
26
|
M
|
Plyometric training group Power training (30% of RM) group |
10 wks
(2 x/w) |
Leg
|
0% in |
Vertical squat jump |
| Delecluse et al., 1995 |
18–22,
students |
21
|
M
|
Unloaded plyometric exercises with maximal effort |
9 wks
(2 x/ w) |
Leg
|
7% | |
| McBride et al., 2002 |
24 ± 2
|
9
|
M
|
Light load (30% 1RM) jump squat exercises |
8 wks
(2 x/w) |
Leg
|
Jump height 17%, peak velocity 9%, agility
and |
Agility test, |
| Blazevich and Jenkins, 2002 |
19 ± 1,
sprinters |
9
|
M
|
High-velocity RT and running (group A)Low-velocity RT and running (group B) |
7 wks
(2 x/w) |
Leg
|
2% in |
|
| Kyröläinen et al., 1989 |
25 ± 5
|
9
|
F
|
Jump and strength exercises (no load) |
4 mths
(3 x/w) |
Knee
|
21% | Angular knee velocity with a load of |
| Jozsi et al., 1999 |
26 ± 1 and
60 ± 1 |
34
|
F/M
|
RT with pneumatic machines (isotonically), intensity of 40, 60 and 80% of 1RM |
12 wks
(2 x/w) |
Knee extensors
|
11%–14% in young subjects and 17%–21% in older, measured with 40% of 1RM | Pneumatic resistance equipment |
| Aagaard et al., 1994 |
23 ± 1, football players
|
6
|
M
|
Loaded kicking movements |
12 wks
(3 x/w) |
Knee extensors
|
7–13% (improvements were related to angular velocities during training) | Isokinetic dynamometer |
| Earles et al., 2001* |
77 ± 5
|
18
|
M/F
|
Rapid movements in knee extensors |
12 wks(3 x/wk)
|
Knee extensors
|
22% power improvement | Knee dynamometer |
| Kemmler et al., 2002 |
56 ± 3
|
59
|
F
|
12 weeks of endurance, from 5th month to 10 th month jumping exercises |
14 mths
(2 x/w + 2 x/w ) |
|
13% in leg press from 5 months to 10 months (jumping exercise period) | Horizontal leg press in 5 months and 10 months 50% 1RM |
| Häkkinen et al., 2001 |
40 ± 12 and
69 ± 3 |
42
|
F/M
|
Total body strength training 50–80% of RM (25% explosive exercises with 50–60% RM) |
6 mths
(2 x/ w) |
Knee extensors
|
Explosive strength (improved by) 21%– 2% | Knee dynamometer |
| Aagaard et al., 2002 |
23 ± 4
|
15
|
M
|
Progressive RT, 4–12 RM low to heavy resistance |
14 wks
|
Knee extensors
|
Knee extension strength (increased by) 15%. Rate of force development (increased by) 15% | Knee dynamometer and EMG |
| Kraemer et al., 2001* |
33 ± 8
|
9
|
F
|
RT (10 repetition maximum) combined with step-aerobic |
12 wks
(3 x/w) |
Kneeextensors
|
increase in 1RM squat by 26% increase in squat jump power by 13% | Squat jump |
|
|
|
RT
= Resistance Training, * = Randomized Controlled Trial
|