Table 1.
Means and standard deviations (in brackets) in seven dependent measures and TMD pre- and post-exercise performed at self-selected exercise intensity in the field experiment.
Dependent measure
Pre-Exercise
Post- Exercise
Effect size (
d
)
Significance
Anger
8.62 (3.97)
7.08 (2.11)
.39
p
= .001
Confusion
6.59 (2.62)
5.25 (2.06)
.51
p
= .001
Depression
9.96 (4.38)
8.19 (2.20)
.40
p
= .001
Fatigue
9.81 (4.31)
11.43 (4.97)
.38
p
= .01
Self-esteem
20.30 (3.23)
21.82 (3.20)
.47
p
= .001
Tension
10.86 (3.94)
8.18 (2.45)
.68
p
= .001
Vigor
11.86 (3.34)
13.94 (4.05)
.62
p
= .001
TMD
13.69 (18.91)
4.35 (13.03)
.49
p
= .001