Table 3. VO values for kayaking compared to other sports. Sport Authors VO2 max (absolute) (L·min-1) VO2max (relative) (ml·kg-1·min-1) Power and Velocity at VO2max * Kayaking Tesch, 1983 4.7 58.8 Hahn et al., 1988 4.62 58.5 Fry and Morton, 1991 4.78 58.9 Billat et al., 1996 4.01 53.8 239 W Canoeing Hahn et al., 1988 3.49 44.2 Bunc and Heller, 1991 4.17 51.9 Rowing (heavy weight; ~ 85kg) Di Prampero et al. 1971 5.0 58.8 Secher, 1990 6.0 68.2 Lakomy and Lakomy, 1993 4.8 60 Swimming (400m) Billat et al. 1996 4.41 59.6 1.46 m·s-1 Lavoie et al. 1981 4.31 58.4 (5.6) Roels et al. 2005 5.6 58.4 Road Cycling Billat et al. 1996 5.61 72.4 419 W Lee et al. 2002 5.45 73.0 Lucia et al. 1999 5.10 74.0 Running (up to 3000m) Billat et al. 1996 5.11 74.9 6.22 m·s-1 Draper and Wood, 2005 5.0 68.9 Caputo and Denadai, 2004 6.3 68.8 * Power output and velocity at VO max obtained from Billat et al. (1999). Note: all athletes studies were male and of professional and elite calibre.