Table 3.
Comparisons of all self confidence group means and skills for three measurement times.
Group & Difficulty
Group
*
M
diff
p
†
Pretest
Forehand Clear
1
2
-.12
.68
1
3
.55
.34
1
4
.16
.68
2
3
.67
.29
2
4
.28
.62
3
4
-.39
.51
Backhand Clear
1
2
.28
.42
1
3
.21
.46
1
4
.16
.83
2
3
-.07
.72
2
4
-.12
.86
3
4
-.05
.91
Posttest
Forehand Clear
1
2
2.44
*
.014
1
3
-.01
.89
1
4
.21
.81
2
3
-2.45
*
.014
2
4
.76
.80
3
4
Backhand Clear
1
2
.51
.26
1
3
-1.94
*
.022
1
4
.59
.25
2
3
-2.45
*
.018
2
4
-.33
.31
3
4
2.53
*
.018
Retention
Forehand Clear
1
2
2.18
*
.016
1
3
-.16
.78
1
4
2.95
*
.008
2
3
-2.34
*
.014
2
4
.77
.21
3
4
3.11
*
.001
Backhand Clear
1
2
.58
.24
1
3
-1.87
*
.026
1
4
.65
.22
2
3
-2.45
*
.028
2
4
.07
.63
3
4
2.52
*
.27
Abbreviations: = positive feedback and correct cues; = error cues; = positive feedback, correct and error cues; = control group. = significant mean difference, p<.05. = bonferroni correction.