Table 4 Body weight, plasma and urinary parameters, and relative values of effort test, before (D0) and after (D30) supplementation of GE or placebo in handball players. Values are means (±SEM) of 10 determinations performed in duplicate on samples from different subjects; n = 10 handball players. |
| |
Placebo n=10 |
Grape extract n=10 |
| |
D0 |
D30 |
D0 |
D30 |
| Weight (kg) |
88.5 (5.7) |
86.5 (5.4) |
88.4 (5.7) |
87.1 (5.7) |
| Biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress |
| ORAC (µmol·L-1) |
13 678 (487) |
13 946 (482) |
13 336 (384) |
15 132 (536) *** |
| FRAP (µmol·L-1 Fe2+) |
1 168 (57) |
988 (39) *** |
1 110 (45) |
1 060 (55) # |
| LDLox (mU·mL-1) |
537 (174) |
562 (189) |
622 (202) |
693 (229) |
| SOD (U·g-1 Hb) |
2 381 (116) |
2 549 (122) * |
2 710 (157) ‡ |
2 679 (113) # |
| GPx (µmol·min-1·g -1 Hb) |
17.0 (1.4) |
14.2 (1.5) * |
18.8 (1.7) |
18.0 (1.6) # |
| Catalase (mol·min-1.g -1 Hb) |
.580 (.056) |
.545 (.090) |
.640 (.044) |
.681 (.088) |
| Vitamin E (µg·mL-1) |
12.0 (.5) |
12.0 (.7) |
12.2 (.6) |
12.9 (.7) ## |
| Vit E/cholesterol ratio (µg·mg-1) |
6.7 (.3) |
6.9 (.3) |
6.9 (.4) |
7.5 (.5) *# |
| Vit C (µmol·L-1) |
65.8 (9.1) |
55.5 (9.1) |
59.3 (5.1) |
54.7 (5.8) |
| Isoprostanes (ng·mg-1 creatinine) |
1.3 (.1) |
1.7 (.2) * |
1.3 (.2) |
1.3 (.2) # |
| Biomarker of skeletal muscle damage |
| Creatine phosphokinase (UI·L-1) |
704 (223) |
725 (326) |
790 (300) |
464 (120) |
| General plasmatic biomarkers |
| Triglycerides (g·L-1) |
.47 (.04) |
.58 (.07) |
.53 (.05) |
.66 (.10) |
| Cholesterol (g·L-1) |
1.81 (.1) |
1.76 (.10) |
1.78 (.10) |
1.78 (.10) |
| Ferritin (µg·L-1) |
69.1 (14.7) |
57.8 (13.3) * |
68.8 (15.5) |
56.8 (13.0) * |
| Urea (g·L-1) |
.29 (.02) |
.28 (.01) |
.30 (.05) |
.27 (.06) |
| Triglycerides (g·L-1) |
14.6 (.20) |
14.56 (.19) |
14.52 (.21) |
14.87 (.30) * |
| Effort test |
| Performance (EnRJ45, %) |
-4.4 (6.1) |
19.5 (9.7) † |
| Explosive power (RJ110, %) |
-3.57 (2.50) |
2.82 (4.25) |
| Fatigue (RJ5, %) |
2.95 (3.47) |
10.85 (6.88) |
|
*, ** and *** denote p < 0.05 , p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively, from the pre-treatment (D0) by paired t test. # and ## denote p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively, from the placebo post-treatment (D30) by paired t test. † significantly (p < 0.05) different from the placebo relative values by paired z test. ‡ significantly (p < 0.05) different from the placebo pre-treatment (D0). |
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